




GEOGRAPHY 

OF 

MIS SOURI 



GREENWOOD 
MARBUT 



F 

•6S 




Rand M^Nelly (& Co. 




(lass i ^ (op _ 

B()ok_i2Z 

('0|)\Ti»lllV.' 

(OniilC.IlT IIKHOSIT. 



Hap Dinjiou 

OCT 8 1906 



DODGE'S 
GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 

By 

J. M. GREENWOOD 

Superintciidoit of Scliools, Kansas City, Missouri 
and 

C. Y. MARBUT 

Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, the University of Missouri 

PARTI 

MISSOURI AS A WHOLE 

PART II 

THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES 




CHICAGO NEW YORK LONDON 

RAND, McNALLY & COMPANY 



&« 



By Richard Elwood Dodge 

Professor of Geography y Teachers College^ Columbia University^ New York City 



Dodge's Two-Book Series of Geography 
DODGE'S ELEMENTARY GEOGRAPHY . $ .65 

Special Method: Causal Relations treated by induction. Reason- 
ing from consequences to causes. 

PART /—HOME GEOGRAPHY 

Central Thought: The relation of the individual pupil to all parts 
of his country, showing the interdependence of people commerciaI!y 
and industrially. 

PART //—WORLD RELATIONS AND THE 
COXTINENTS 
Central Tfwu^ht: The relations of the individual pupil to the 
world as a whole, showing the interdependence of nations com- 
mercially and industrially, and placing special emphasis on the 
lives and occupations uf the peui>le. 

DODGE'S ADVANCED GEOGRAPHY $1.20 

Special Method Causal Relations treated by deduction. Reason- 
ing from causes to consequences. 

PART /—THE PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY 

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CONTINENTS 

Central Thought: Commerce and industry as well as political 
divisions the outgrowth of physical conditions, the reasons there- 
for, and comparisons of these and other points in the various 
countries. 



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GENERAL CRITICS FOR BOTH SERIES 

y. PAUL GOODE, Assistant Professor nf Geography, the Univt-rsity of Chicago, and 

ZLLESJ C SEMPLE. author of "Anicrican Histi^ry and Its Geograpliic Conditions," Louisville, Ky. 



SPECIAL CRITICS FOR THE ELEMENTARY GEOGRAPHY AND BOOKS I. 



.4MV' SCHUSSLER. Principal of Speyer School. Teachers ColleRe, New York, 
ANNA F. STONE, Principal of Grammar School No. lo, Binghamton, N. Y. 



AND II. 

and 



BY GRADES 



SPECIAL CRITICS FOR THE ADVANCED GEOGRAPHY AND BOOKS III. AND IV. BY GRADES 

ELIZABETH SMITH. Department of Geography, the Chicago Normal School, and 

CAROI.IXIi ir HOTCHKISS. Seventh Grade. Horace Mann School. Teachers College, New York. 

Copyright, iQOb 
By Raxij, McX.\li.v & Co. 



LIBRARY 0tC0l:3RESS 


Two Copies Received 


SEP ^4 1906 


Ceoyfient Entry 
CLASS /\ ■ XXc, No. 


COPY 8. 



er.Jje ^antr - ^citallt; STreoa 



Chicago 



Mao Diviii^u I 

OCT 8 19061 



THE INTRODUCTION 

HOME Geography is usually the first work to be taken up in any study of geography 
because beginning students need to know first the geography of the locality in which 
they live, in which they are most interested, and with which they are most familiar 
from personal experience. The results gained from a study of the region they can see gives 
them the ability to understand remote regions that can only be pictured or described to them. 
Because our own home locality is of most interest to us is also a reason why we need to know 
it better than we need to know any other region of the world. Hence at some time during 
the school course it is most valuable to make a careful study of the state or group of states in 
which we live that we may have a better understanding of the geography about us than we 
can get from the necessarily brief accounts given in a text-book of geography. 

In a text-book of geography we study the relation of one state or group of states to the 
whole country of which our home region is a part, and our commercial relations to the world 
as a whole. It follows that in such a treatment the characteristics that distinguish our own 
home regions must largely be lost to sight in the consideration of the great features tha-t 
distinguish the country as a whole. 

In a special text-book devoted to ane state or group of states we can learn more about 
our o\cn region, its important surface features, its climate, the occupations of its people, its 
products, its local commerce, its history, its chief cities, and many other features of great 
interest to us. Hence we need to make a special study of our home locality after we have 
studied the larger region of which it is an important part. A local geography is not only 
valuable for study in school that we may know well the region about us, but it is valuable 
also as a reference volume to which we can refer for facts about our own state in our homes 
whenever in our reading or conversation some question arises concerning our own state which 
needs to be answered at once. 

In this text-book the surface features, the climate, the soil and other natural resources 
which determine the occupations of the people are studied first because they are the large 
features which determine the distribution and success of industries. One of the great lessons 
the student learns in geography is Man's absolute dependence upon Nature for his existence. 
In Missouri, as in other regions, topography and climate pointed out the path of develop- 
ment that communities must follow in order to make sure their existence within its borders. 
In the pages that follow, the student finds traced the fundamental conditions that have moulded 
Missouri life. After these come the historical events that are landmarks in the growth of the 
state, and then the study of the industrial and commercial features is taken up. To these, 
which explain the reasons for the development and growth of the larger cities, and which show 
us why our own region is important to the country as a whole, careful attention has been given. 

Certain facts like the distribution and character of educational institutions, the distribution 
of congressional districts, and the form of government in the region are included, because our 
knowledge of our own locality would be incomplete without them. These fittingly illustrate 
the political unity that binds together the interests of all the individuals who form the body- 
politic which we call the state. 

That this book may prove especially valuable as a reference work which may properly 
be made a part of the family library for constant consultation on many points, carefully 
prepared diagrams, tables of statistics, and references to further reading have been included. 

RICHARD ELWOOD DODGE. 



THE TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PAGE 

The Introduction i" 

PART I. MISSOURI AS A WHOLE i 

PART II. THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES 25 

A ids for Teachers vii 

Suggestions for Collateral Readings viii 

Reference Tables and Diagrams ix 

Index xii 



A LIST OF THE MAPS AND DIAGRAMS 



A Relief Map of Missouri i 

A Political Map of Missouri 2-3 

A Physical Map of Missouri 4 

The Distribution of Mantle Rocks in Missouri . . 6 

The Distribution of Bed Rocks in Missouri . . 6 
The Annual Rainfall at Springiield, Mo., from 

1888 to 1904 8 

The Annual Rainfall at Keokvik, la., from 1SS8 to 

1904 8 

The Mean Annual Rainfall and Temperature of 

Missouri q 

The Earliest Explorations and Settlements in 

Missouri . . q 

The Distribution of Soils in Missouri . . . . 11 

The Production of Com per Square Mile . . . 12 

The Production of Wheat per Square Mile . . 12 
The Production of Hay and Forage per Square 

Mile 13 

The Production of Oats per Square Mile . . .14 

The Value of Fruit per Square Mile . . . . 14 

The Value of Farm Products per Square Mile . . 15 
The Distribution of Hogs per Square Mile . . .15 
The Distribution of Horses, Mules, and Asses per 

Square Mile 16 



PAGE 

Tile Distribution of Lead, Zinc, and Coal ... 18 
Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Missouri, 
Shown by Value of Products, in Millions of 
Dollars, at each Federal Census, 1850 to 1900 . 20 
Value of Manufactured Products, in Millions of 

Dollars, Census of 1900 20 

Value of Special Manufactured Products, in Mil- 
lions of Dollars, in Missouri, in 1900 .... 20 
The Congressional Districts of Missouri, 1904 . . 22 
The Location of the Leading Educational Institu- 
tions of Missouri 23 

The Density of Population per Square Mile in 

Missouri, at each Census, 1810 to 1900 . . -25 
The Distribution of Urban Population in Missouri. 

Census of 1900 25 

Map of the City of St. Louis and Vicinity . . . 26 

Map of Kansas City and Vicinity 28 

Map of the City of St. Joseph 29 

Value of Agricultural Products in Millions of 

Dollars, Census of 1900 xi 

Proportion of Persons Engaged in Each Class of 

Occupations in Missouri, Censvis of 1900 . . xi 
Proportion of Foreign Born of Each Lcadin.g 
Nationality in Missouri, Census of igoo . xi 



A LIST OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 

Trout Glen, Ha Ha Tonka Lake . . Frontispiece 
The Famous Arcadia Valley and the St. FranQois 

Mountains i 

In a Forest of the Ozark Region 5 

Revetment Work in Progress on a Bend of the 

Missouri River 5 

In the Granite Area of the Ozark Region ... 7 

A Steep Bluff on the Missouri River . . . 7 

r 



PAGE 

Sand Rock Hills near Pacific 8 

Thomas Hart Benton ic 

Alexander Doniphan 10 

A Farm Scene in the High, Rolling Prairie 

Region of Northwestern Missouri . . . 11 

An Apple Orchard in Lafayette Count)' in Bloom . 1 3 
Packing Peaches for Market, Koshkonong, Oregon 

County 13 



livi 



A LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 

Scene at a Horse Market, Kansas City . . . . i6 

Hogs in a Blue Grass Pasture, Marion County . . i6 

Scene on a Missouri Stock FariTi 17 

A Poultry Farm in Southwestern Missotiri . . . 17 

A Group of Prize Angora Goats 17 

Mining Scene at Aurora 18 

A Mine in the Southwestern Lead and Zinc 

District 18 

Lime Works in Marion County 19 

Loading Railroad Ties for Shipment . . . . 19 

A Sand Dredge at Work 19 

A General View of the Stock Yards at St. Joseph .20, 21 

A Clay-working Plant, Deepwater, Henry County . 21 

k Steamboat on the Mississippi River . . . . 21 

The School of Mines at Rolla 22 

A General View of the State University at 

Columbia 22 

The Second District Normal School of Missouri, at 

Warrensburg 24 

The First District Normal School of Missouri, at 

Kirksville 24 



PAGE 

The Third District Normal School of Missouri, at 

Cape Girardeau 24 

The Water Front, St. Louis, as Seen from the Shore 

at East St- Louis 27 

View in the Missouri Botanical Garden — Shaw's 

Garden 27 

Looking Down Into the Heart of the Business 

District of St. Louis from the Court House . . 27 
Eleventh Street East from Main Street. Kansas 

City ^ 28 

The Pergola on the Paseo, Kansas City ... 28 

The State Capitol at Jefferson City .... 29 

A View of the City of Hannibal 30 

Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain) in the Doorway 

of his old Home at Hannibal 30 

The Home of Huckleberry Finn, Hannibal ... 30 
Academic Hall Main Building of the University 

of Missouri at Columbia 31 

The City of Louisiana 31 

A Scene on the Meramec River Franklin County . 3 2 

A Peach Nursery near Louisiana 32 




TROUT GLEN, HA HA TONKA LAKE. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 

By J. M. Greenwood, Superintendent of Schools of Kansas City, Mo., and C. F. Marbut, Professor of Geology and 

Mineralogy, the University of Missouri. 

Copyrleht, 1905, by Rand. MoNally & f o. 




^''1,, 't: 



/. MISSOURI AS A WHOLE 

Location. Missouri, one of the chief states 
of the Mississippi Basin group, owes its ad- 
vancement largely to its position near the 
geographical center of the United States and of 
the Mississippi 
Basin. (Adv. 
Geog. Fig. 192.) 
Along the east- 
ern border flows 
the largest riv- 
er of the United 
States, while 
the second riv- 
er in size flows 
directly across 
the state. 
These rivers, 
with their trib- 
utary streams, 
make up great 
stretches of 
natural high- 
ways that early 
attracted the 



great tracts of woodland, and within the 
valleys and plains hundreds of square miles 
of fertile farming lands afforded boundless 
industrial opportunities for the people. 

Size. Missouri has an extreme length from 
north to south of 328 miles, and a breadth 

varying from 



'\ 







J 



Fig. I. A relief map of Missouri. 



305 miles to 
208 miles. This 
gives the state 
a total area of 
69,415 square 
miles, of which 
650 square 
miles are water 
surface. The 
state bound- 
ary, as a whole, 
is about 1,400 
miles in length. 
Of this mileage 
the land bound- 
aries make up 
about 665 miles 
and the bound- 
aries in rivers 



traffic out of which grew naturally the 
settlement and development of the region. 
Beneath the soil of Missouri vast stores of 
mineral wealth, upon the hills and lowlands 



the remainder, or about 770 miles. (Fig. 3.) 

Surface, The surface of Missouri presents 

great variety. The state lies in the center 

of the Mississippi Basin, one of the largest 




Fig. 2. Tlw famous Arcadia Valley and the St. Franqois Mountains A characteristic view in the Ozark region 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




ZARD 



Fig. 3. A poltttcai map of Missouri. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



sr K 



L 90° M N s9 

MISSOURI 

Scale 

5 10 30 30 40 50 60 

41 Slatute Miles to one inch. 
Capital tJIt County Seats © Other Cities • 

Cities -with joo,ooo and over St. LrOUlS 

Cities from 23,000 to 500,000 Kansas City 

Cities from 4,000 to 2j,oo3 Sedalia 

Cities from J ,jOO to 4,000 Carroll Ion 

Riiilroads ArTTuV-jA/.- Rivers 

/T 



nt Pleasant 
-//OBION 

"Tiiitoiivillo 




C^pyrit^ht, Iqo^, by Eand, McXally iy Company 



and most fertile valleys in the temperate re- 
gions of the world. With the exception of the 
Ozark region (Fig. 2), this vast area, reaching 
more than 1,500 miles from north to south and 
nearly the same distance from east to west, slopes 
gradually from its outer rim toward the Missis- 
sippi River and the Gulf of Mexico. The section 
of Missouri north of the great river which crosses 
the state has an altitude of about 1,100 feet in the 
northwest and along the Iowa line to the main 
divide of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. 
The incline from there is gradual to the Missis- 
sippi and at the northern line is 500 feet, while 
the mouth of the Missouri is 413 feet above sea 
level. fFig. 4.) This section of the state embraces 
an area of 23,600 square miles. It is gently roll- 
ing, contains beautiful prairies, many streams, and 
wide stretches of surpassingly fertile bottom land. 

Southern Missouri is in marked contrast, much 
of it being an elevated plateau, heavily forested, 
the greatest height of which varies from 1,300 to 
1,800 feet. This plateau reaches its extreme alti- 
tude near the southern boundary, and the whole 
region, an area about 42,000 square miles in ex- 
tent, abounds in fine forests and is diversified by 
many beautiful streams, most of which empty into 
the Missouri. (Fig. 5.) The highest elevations in 
Missouri are Taum Sauk Mountain in Iron County 
and the Cedar Gap Plateau in Wright County. In 
the extreme southeastern section of the state is 
a lowland region embracing an area of about 
3,000 square miles. (Fig. 4.) 

The Ozark region is the hilly part of the state. 
It consists of three divisions — the Ozark Plateau, 
the Ozark Border, and the St. Frangois Mountains. 
None of the hills, however, is high enough to 
deserve the name of mountain, the highest ele- 
vations being only about 1,800 feet above sea 
level and only 600 or 700 feet above the country 
surrounding them. (Figs. 2,3, and 4.) 

The Ozark Plateau, often called the Ozark Moun- 
tains, occupies the greater part of the Ozark re- 
gion. (Fig. 2.) This is not and never has been a 
mountain region . It is merely a low plateau with 
valleys cut into it. Its height varies from 1,000 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



to 1, 600 feet above sea level, but variations 
in level do not take place rapidly. 

The Ozark Border is merely the sloping 
belt between the Ozark Plateau and the 
lower lying prairie region. Here the country 
is lower, the valleys wider and more shallow 
than in the Plateau region. (Fig. 4.) 

The St. Frangois Mountains, the highest 
elevations in Missouri, consist of a grea;, many 
rather high, rounded, or oval-shaped hills all 
underlaid by granite rocks. (Figs. 2 and 3.) 
They are not so 
high as they 
once were, and 
we call them 
mountains 
because once 
they were 
mountains. 

The prairie 
region in Mis- 
souri has two 
main subdivi- 
sions — a low 
easterly one 
and a higher 
westerly one. 
The easterly 
one includes 
the largest 
area of smooth 
land in the 
state. Its elevation varies from 750 to 950 
feet above sea level. Its valleys are all shal- 
low and in many places they are very wide. 

The western part of the prairie region varies 
in elevation from 950 to about 1,150 feet 
above sea level. Its valleys, as a whole, are 
deeper and narrower than those in the east- 
ern part. In the extreme northwestern cor- 
ner of the state is a small area with wider 
valleys but with the upland of about the 
same height. (Figs. 4 and 19.) 

The lowlands occupying the southeastern 
comer of the state consist mostly of low 




river-bottom land. Rtmning down the mid- 
dle of this lowland is a long, rather narrow 
ridge which lies about 500 feet above the sea 
level, while the bottom lands are usually less 
than 300 feet above sea level. (Figs, i and 4.) 
Drainage. The entire eastern boundary 
of Alissouri is washed by the waters of the 
Mississippi, which, because of its many wind- 
ings, gives the state an eastern water front 
of 560 miles. The ^Missouri (Fig. 6), second 
only to the Mississippi in importance, forms 

the boxondary 
along the up- 
per part of the 
western side 
of the state, 
from the first 
point of con- 
tact to Kan- 
sas City, a 
distance of 
208 miles, 
where it en- 
ters Jlissouri. 
Thence it 
crosses the 
entire state, 
flowing south- 
east 430 miles 
to join the 
Mississippi, 
which it en- 
ters a few miles above St. Louis. The part 
of the state north of the Missouri River is 
drained by many rivers and their tributary 
streams, some of which flow into the ^Missouri 
and some into the Mississippi. The principal 
rivers flowing into the Jlissouri are the 
Chariton, Grand, Platte, and the Nodaway. 
Those flowing into the Mississippi are the 
Fox, Salt, Fabius, and Cui^•re. The streams 
of south Missouri flow into the Missouri, the 
Mississippi, and the Arkansas rivers. Those 
flowing into the Missouri are the La Mine 
Moreau, Osage, and Gasconade. The two 



A physical map of Missouri. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



last named streams have many 
large tributaries which drain a 
wide area of territory. The 
streams flowing into the ilissis- 
sippi are the Aleramec and the 
St. Francis. Those flowing into 
the Arkansas River are White 
River, with a great many large 
tributaries, and Spring River. 
Innumerable small streams, 
often having their origin in 
the fine springs with which the 
coimtr\- aboimds, diversify the 
surface of the whole state. Six 
hundred and sixty miles of 
the rivers bordering Missouri 
are navigable. This, added to the length of 
the Jilissouri River within the state, but 
excluding a number of smaller streams that 
are navigable for short distances, gives Mis- 
souri more than 1,000 miles of navigable 
waterways. (Figs, i and 3.) 

The Rocks of Missouri. The surface of 
Missouri is made up of two kinds of material 
or rocks. One is composed of loose material, 
such as clay, sand, and gravel, and is called 
mantle rock. (Fig. 7.) The other kind is 
hard and compact and often occurs in layers, 





Fig. 6. Revetment work in prcp\::^ I'u a bend of tlie Missouri Riz'cr. 

Here iJie action of the water ts wearing away and destroying the 

banks. To prei'ent this, mats woven of willows are being sunk 

along shore on which rocks will be spread, forming 

a shield and protecting the banks. 



Ozark region. The forests of the Ozark 
Plateau consist in large part of valuable hardwoods. Notice the 
absence of undergrowth, a characteristic of these forests. 

such as sandstone, limestone, and granite, and 
this we call bed rock. (Figs. 9, 10, and 11.) 
Everywhere the bed rock underlies the man- 
tle rock and nearly ever_\^vhere the mantle 
rock covers the bed rock. The bed rock can 
be seen only on steep slopes and in a few 
other places where the mantle rock has 
been washed away. (Fig. 8.) 

The mantle rock in north ?iIissouri was 
brought here during the glacial period by 
the great ice sheet and spread over the top 
of the bed rock. (Adv. Geog. Fig. 180.) 
Usually it is thick, especially 
in the centra] part of this sec- 
tion, where the bed rock is 
rarely seen except in the deep- 
est hollows. Northeast it is 
thinner and the bed rock maj'' 
be seen in almost any creek 
bed. In south Missouri the 
mantle rock is thinner than in 
north ]\Iissouri. It was formed 
here where we find it by the 
decay of the exposed portion 
.jf the bed rock which may 
be found at varying depths 
beneath the surface. The 
mantle rock of north Jlissouri 
ever}' where is a clay. Along 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



the Missouri River, especially 

in the western part of the 
state, it is brownish in color 
and is called loess. This is 
one of the most fertile sections 
of the state. 

There are a great many 
kinds of bed rocks in the world, 
but many of these are much 
alike, so we can arrange them 
all in a small number of 
groups. While the rocks of 
several separate groups appear 
in different places in the 
state, those of the same group 
occur together. Dividing the 
whole state according to the 
kind of underlying bed rock, 
we have four distinct regions 
or areas. These regions may 
be called the granite area, 
the limestone area, the shale area, and the 
sand-clay area. Since the bed rock deter- 
mines, to a considerable extent, the eleva- 




FiG. 7 




Fig 



TJte distribution of bed rocks in Alissonri 



The distribution of mantle rocks in Missouri. 

tion, shape, soil, mineral deposits, health- 
fulness, and prosperity of the country, it u'ill 
be well to know where these regions are. 
The granite area lies in the 
south eastern part of the state. 
It is not a continuous area, 
the rocks being found in 
patches. There are, however, 
a great man^' of these patches, 
the largest of them occurringin 
St. Frangois, Iron, and ]\Iadi- 
son counties. These granite 
rocks, all hard, crystalline, 
and usually somewhat pinkish 
in color, are the strongest as 
well as the oldest rocks in the 
stale. (Figs. 8 and 9.) They 
are the rocks that underlie the 
hills around Iron Mountain, 
Pilot Knob, and Ironton. 
Many beautiful monuments 
are made of granite that is 
quarried in this region and 
large quantities of building 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



stone, paving 
blocks, and of 
crushed stone 
are shipped 
from this local- 
ity to St. Louis 
and to other 
cities. 

The liiiicsione 
area underlies 
a large portion 
of the state, 
surrounding 
completely the 
area underlaid 
by the granite 
group. With 
the latter, it 




Fig. 9. In the gramte area of the Ozark region The underiytng bed 
rock of these forested hills is all granite. Across the stee ply rising 
face of the hills, where exposure has worn away the covering of 
mantle rock, the granite is plainly visible. 



forms the area known as the Ozark region. 
These rocks underlie a considerable portion 
of northeastern Missouri, but they are buried 
so deeply beneath a thick layer of clay that 
they can be seen only 
along the larger creeks 
and in a belt that ex- 
tends northwestward and 
southeastward through 
Pike and Lincoln coun- 
ties. (Figs. 8 and 10.) 

Within this region, with 
the exception of the gran- 
ite rocks, limestones 
predominate everywhere. 
They may be seen in 
almost every creek bluff. 
They contain a large 
amount of flint which 
does not decompose 
readily, and hence is left 
as loose rocks in the soil. 
In some places in this 
region, particularly in 
Dent County, there are 
a few thin beds of sand- 
stone, which, in places, 




Fig. 10. A steep bluff on the Missouri River. 

Note how the limestone bed rock has been 

brought into view by tlie washing away 

of the loose mantle rock. 



make the soil 
rather sandy. 
These rocks 
are unimpor- 
tant, however, 
when c o m- 
pared with the 
limestones. 
The limestones 
are not all 
alike. Some of 
them are very 
coarse-grained 
and crystal- 
line, some are 
fine-grained 
and non-crys- 
talline, while 
others are fine-grained and crystalline. 
Some are in thick, heavy beds, while others 
are in thin beds. In some places, small 
in area, they contain little flint, while in 
others they are very flinty. 
The sJialc area includes 
most of northern Missouri 
and the northern part of 
south ^lissouri. All that 
part of the state lying 
north and west of the 
Ozark region is underlaid 
chiefly by shale, with some 
beds of limestone. Shale 
is a soft clay -like or sandy 
rock lying in very thin 
beds. When exposed in a 
steep bank it soon crum- 
bles into clay or sandy 
clay. It may be seen in 
the creek bluffs in many 
places. (Fig. 8.) 

The country imderlaid 
by these rocks is covered 
with a somewhat thicker 
layer of soil except along 
the creek bluffs. The 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



rocks, therefore, are not seen often. If, how- 
ever, one of the larger creeks of the region be 
followed for a few miles a bank probably will 
be found where the rocks are exposed. 

The sand-clay area underlies the region in the 
southeastern part of the state. In most of 
this locality no strong 
rock is found until a 
depth of considerable 
extent is reached, 
often several hundred 
feet. (Figs. 8 and ii.) 
Climate. llissouri 
lies near the middle of 
the north temperate 
belt, neither m the 
extreme south of the 
belt nor in the extreme 
north, and far enough 
removed from the 
ocean to have a con- 
tinental climate, that 
is, a climate subject 
to sudden and great changes of temperature. 

The prevailing winds arc from the west or 
southwest. On account of ^Missouri's posi- 
tion with respect to the Gulf of Mexico, 
winds coming to the state from the south 
and east are warm and moist and cause 
either cloudy weather or rain. Westerly 
and northerly winds bring dry, cool, clear 
weather with invigorating air. (Adv. Geog. 
Figs. 90 and 92.) 

The annual rainfall of Missouri averages 
about thirty-eight inches. It is greatest in 
the south, where it reaches an average of 






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4 




in 






- - 




- 



Fig 12. The annual rainfall at Springfield, Mo. from 
18SS to igo4. 



about forty-six inches, and least in the 
northwestern comer where it averages less 
than thirty-five inches. (Figs. 12 and 13.) 
This rainfall is evenly distributed throughout 
the year, the greater amount occurring in the 
spring and summer months. (Fig. 14.) 

The mean annual 
temperature of the 
state is 54 degrees. 
The average for Janu- 
ary is 30 degrees and 
that for July is 77 
degrees. (Fig. 14 
and Adv. Geog. Figs. 
82 and 84.) 

Animal Life. The 
first settlers that 
came to Missouri 
found many wild ani- 
mals, but civilization 
has exterminated 
much of the game. 
In the southern part 
of the state may yet be found a few Virginia 
deer and an occasional black bear or a colony 
of beavers. Throughout the state the wildcat 
and panther have disappeared, but the fox, 
raccoon, opossum, squirrel, rabbit, and wood- 
chuck are still common. Many birds stop in 
their migrations, and geese and ducks are 
numerous in season. The wild turkey, 
pheasant, and prairie chicken, formerly plen- 
tiful, are now seldom seen except in remote 
and thinly settled districts. The waters of 
Missouri contain many fish, and large quanti- 
ties are taken yearly The Mississippi River 



Fig II. Sand rock hills near Pacific. This rock 

crnmbtcs rapidly and these hills yield annually 

immense quantities of valuable white sand used 

in the making of glass and in many 

other industries. 







— 





-- 


--' 


4ve 


''"£' 


e 


,JJ 


s-r 




/ 


I. 


-- 


- 


-] 


50 
30 

10 


s 


1 


- e 

t 


■ 1 


' 1 


' 1 


' ■? 


■ 1 


' 1 


■ -i 


' i 


1 


S 


' 1 1 


' i 


1 







Fig. 13. The annual rainfall at Keokuk, la., 
from iSSS to iQo,f 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




Fig. 14. The mean annual rainfall and temperature of Missouri. 

is the chief fishing ground, but the Missouri 
and St. Francis rivers also afford good fish- 
ing. Under the State Fish Commission the 
industry is extending rapidly. 
The mussel fisheries also are 
important, about 2,000,000 
pounds of shells being taken 
each year which are used in 
the making of pearl buttons. 

Native Peoples. The first 
accounts furnished by the fur 
traders and missionaries who 
visited this region tell of the 
Indians living in the country 
of the Mississippi Valley. 
The tribes, known chiefly as 
the Missouri, Kansas or Ivaw, 
and Osage, were members of 
the great Siouan family. 

History. The first white 
men to report the Mississippi 
River were the remnants of 
De Soto's expedition, who 
in 1 541 crossed to its western 



shore in their wanderings. 
In 1673 Pere Marquette, with 
Louis Johet and five men, em- 
barked at Green Bay, Wis., 
reached the Mississippi, and 
descended to the mouth of 
the Arkansas. In 1681 La 
Salle passed down the Illinois 
into the Mississippi, which he 
followed to its mouth, and in 
the name of the French kincr 

o 

took possession of the Missis- 
sippi and all land drained by 
that river and its tributaries. 
Early in the next centurv 
the French sent out an expe- 
dition to search for mines in 
the Mississippi Valley. The 
lead deposits at Mine la Motte 
were discovered in 1 7 1 9. The 
first settlers were French fur 
traders who founded Ste. Genevieve, Caron- 
delet, and St. Louis. Ste. Genevieve claims 
the distinction of being the oldest settlement 




Fig. 15. The earliest explorations and settlements in Missouri. 



lO 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



in the state, dating its founding from 1735. 
(Fig. 15.) France, having been defeated in 
war, ceded its territory east of the Missis- 
sippi to Great Britain in 1763, while the vast 
area west of the river was given to Spain. 
The first settlers in St. Louis were mostly 
French subjects, who, disliking the British, 
removed tc? 
that point 
from Illinois 
after the 
treaty of 1763. 
In 1795 
Daniel Boone 
led a band of 
Kentuckians 
across the 
Mississippi 
River and 
made a settle- 
ment near the 
Missouri in 
what is now 
St. Charles ,„„, , 

I rom tbe oridnal pninCinc by Bovlo nfn». 1905. in the poisession 
y-A . A oftLeMisauurl Uwtoriciilbotiety. St. Louia.Mo 

-■ ■ * Fig i6. Thomas Hart Benton, the 
steady stream most distinguished Missourian 

r . . 1 in the days of Jackson. 

of settlers 

poured in from Kentucky, Tennessee, Vir- 
ginia, and other southeastern states, so that 
when Louisiana was purchased the popula- 
tion consisted largely of Americans. 

Spanish rule ended in 1800, when domina- 
tion again passed to France by the treaty of 
St. Ildefonso, and in April, 1803, the United 
States purchased from France all the terri- 
tory of Louisiana for the sum of $15,000,000. 

March 10, 1804, the United States took 
formal possession of the new domain, \A-hich 
was divided into the Territory of Orleans 
and the District of Louisiana. The popula- 
tion of the latter, which was erected into 
the Territory of Louisiana in 1805, was about 
10,000. Immigration followed the Louisiana 
Purchase, settlements spreading along each 
side of the Missouri River and up the Missis- 




sippi. In 1810 the population was 20,845. 
In 181 2 the Territory of Louisiana became 
the Territory of Missouri. Progress was 
rapid and growth steady, so that in 1818 
Missouri applied for admission into the Union. 
Then followed a struggle over slavery, and 
after two years Congress passed the "Mis- 
souri Compromise" bill, by which Missouri 
was admitted into the Union as a slave state, 
August 10, 182 1. The population was more 
than 60,000. For many years the area that 
remained after the formation of the state con- 
tinued to bear the name Missouri Territory. 
In the meantime it was gradually reduced 
as new territories were formed out of it. 
The first Governor of the state was Alex- 
ander McNair, and the first capital was St. 
Charles, which remained the seat of govern- 
ment until 
1826, when it 
was removed 
to Jefferson 
City. The 
state acquired 
its present 
limits in 1837 
by the addi- 
tion of the 
small triangle 
northwest of 
the Missouri 
River, called 
the Platte 
Purchase. 

Settlers 
continued to 
come in from 
the territory immediately south of tlie 
Ohio and east of the Mississippi rivers. 
Travel was mainly along the rivers, but in 
1825 commerce with Mexico was of enough 
importance for Congress to survey the route 
for the Santa Fe Trail. Senator Benton,- 
who represented Missouri in Congress during 
this period of growth, was an ardent friend 




Fig 17. .\tcxandcr Doniphan, leader 

oj the famous bneade on the 

march tc Mexico 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



II 




of western in- 
terests and one 
of the earliest 
advocates of a 
tran sconti- 
nental railroad 
to the Pacific. 
(Fig. 1 6.) 

About 1845 
German immi- 
grants began 
to appear, and 
within a very 
few years great 
numbers ar- 
rived. Since 
1875 many 
people from 
New England 
and likewise 

from other of P"^- 'S- '^''' distnbnt. 

the northern states have settled in ]\Iissouri. 

The Mexican War. During 1846, in re- 
sponse to the call of Governor Edwards, 
volunteers assembled at Fort Leavenworth, 
and Alexander AV. Doniphan was elected 
colonel. (Fig. 17.) They were joined by regu- 
lar troops, and, all under the command of 
General Kearney, also a ]\Iissouri man, they 
marched in June for Santa Fe, a distance of 
900 miles, which they reached in fifty days 
and captured without firing a gun. Hitherto 
this place had been too strong for the Texans. 
General Kearney soon set out for California, 
leaving Doniphan in command at Santa Fe, 
but the latter marched to Chihuahua, 900 



miles distant, 
which place he 
took without 
serious oppo- 
sition. The 
Missourians 
then returned 
home, having 
with a loss of 
less than fifty 
men prepared 
the way for the 
acquisition of 
New Mexico 

Agriculture. 
Agriculture is 
Missouri's 
leading indus- 
try, the state's 
greatest and 

ion of soils in Missouri. mOSt lasting 

source of wealth being her fertile soil. The 
soils of Missouri are varied in character and 
in a general way are of four different kinds. 
(Fig. 18.) The soils of the Ozark region 
are reddish clays intermixed with gravel 
and loose stones. When the amount of stone 
and gravel is small cultivation of the soil is 
easy and good crops are produced. 

The soil of all northern Missouri is a clay 
loam with a clay subsoil, both practically 
free from stones. It is black in color and 
extremely fertile. The land is rolling or 
gently undulating, making cultivation easy. 

The soils of the western part of south 
Missouri are much Uke those of northern 




Fig. It) A farm scene in the high, rolling prairie region of northwestern Missouri. The lands of this section 
arc highly fertile and here are some of the largest stock farms in the state 



12 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




Fig. 20. 



TJie production of corn per sauare mile. 

IMissouri. The surface is, as a rule, even more 
nearly level than that of northern Missouri. 

The soils of the southeasteni lowlands are 
sandy in the eastern half and 
clayey in the western half of 
the region. They are very fer- 
tile, but the country being flat 
and its elevation low, a consid- 
erable portion of the region is 
still under timber. 

Throughout the state all 
cereals flourish, but com is by 
far the most valuable crop 
grown. Because of the extra- 
ordinary fertility of her soil 
and the favorable climate, one- 
tenth of all the corn produced 
in the United States is grown 
in Missouri. The value of her 
com crop in 1903 was nearly 
$70,000,000; wheat, $15,000,- 
000; oats, $5,500,000; hay, 
$31,690,000. (Figs. 20, 21, 23, 



acres of farm lands were 
devoted to com, an acreage 
exceeding three times that 
planted to any other crop and 
embracing more than one-half 
the area under all crops. The 
highest yields are in the Mis- 
souri River basin and in the 
lowlands of the southeast. 
Flax, rye, broomcom, clover 
seed, grass seed, and barley are 
profitably grown. Potatoes 
are an important farm product, 
having a yearly value of more 
than $4,000,000, other vege- 
tables yielding $5,500,000 
annually. (Fig. 27.) 

Horticulture. Missouri 
stands high among the fore- 
most horticultural states of the 
Union. A soil unexcelled for 
fruit growing, and good water and drainage, 
as well as favorable atmospheric conditions, 
insure liberal returns. There is not a county 



and 25.) In 1900, 7,423.600 




Fig. 21. The production of wheat per square mile. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



13 




about 6,500,000 bushels and of peaches 
4,500,000 bushels. Of her berry crop 13,- 
000,000 quarts of strawberries and 5,000,000 
quarts of blackberries formed the largest 
items. Grapes are grown abundantly, espe- 
cially on the hills. In 1900 the value of the 
fruit crop in Missouri was $4,000,000. (Fig. 
26.) This sum has been increased enor- 



FiG. 22. An apple orchard in Lafayette County in bloom. 

Here, along the Alissouri River where the loess soil is 

of extraordinary fertility, are some of the largest and 

most productive apple orchards in the state. 

in the state in which fruit cannot be suc- 
cessfully and profitably grown. The Ozark 
plateau and the loess region along the great 
rivers are especially adapted to orcharding, 
while southwest Missouri is famous for its 
small fruits. The state now has 25,000,000 
apple trees, and her orchards and nurseries 
are among the largest in the world. (Figs. 
22 and 6g.) 
Missouri also 
ranks high as 
a grower of 
peaches, and 
her commer- 
cial orchards, 
some contain- 
ing hundreds 
of thousands 
of trees, rank 
with the larg- 
est in the coun- 
try. Ozark 
peaches are 
widely known 
for their supe- 
riority. (Fig. 
24.) The total 
yield of apples 
in I goo was 





Fig. 



Fig. 24. Packing peaches for market. Koshkonong, 

Oregon County. Horticulture leads all industries 

'.n this county, which contains the largest 

peach orchard in the state, the number 

of trees exceeding 100,000. 

mously by the 
products of 
large areas 
under orch- 
ards and small 
fruits that 
have come 
into bearing 
since that 
time . The 
State Horti- 
cultural Soci- 
ety, for nearly 
a half century, 
has dissemina- 
ted knowledge 
on fruit cul- 
ture, and Mis- 
souri, at IMoun- 
tain Grove, 
maintains the 



production of hay and forage per square mite. 



14 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



onlv exclusive Fruit Experi- 
ment Station in the country. 
Live Stock and Dairying. 

Jlissouri is one of the foremost 
live-stock states in the Union. 
This is due not only to her fer- 
tile, well watered pastures, the 
large quantities of grain and 
forage grown, and a highly 
favorable climate, but likewise 
to the fact that the state is sur- 
rounded on all sides by good 
markets for her surjilus prod- 
ucts. Exclusive of bams and 
other equipment, the live- 
stock interest was valued in 
1903 at $200,000,000, the state 
being excelled only by Texas, 
Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas. 
]\Iissouri stock is of high grade, 
and every important breed is 
represented in her herds. The great extent 
of well watered grazing lands and the large 
grain crops encourage alike the breeding of 




Fig. 2 




The value of fruit per square mile. 



production of oats per square mile. 

cattle, horses, and hogs. Missouri, with 
3,060,000 cattle and more than 1,000,000 
horses, stands among the leading cattle and 
horse states. (Figs. 29, 30, 
and 32.) It is surpassed only 
by Iowa and Illinois in the 
number of its hogs, of which 
there are in the state nearly 
5,000,000. (Figs. 28 and 31.) 
Mules that are widely known 
for their superiority are bred 
largely for shipment and Texas 
alone rivals Missouri in num- 
bers. (Fig. 29.) There are 
to-day, 1905, about one million 
sheep in the state. In Missouri 
the breeding of iVngora goats 
has attracted considerable at- 
tention and the industry has 
been successfully established 
in a number of localities. (Fig. 
33.) With a total of 157,472, 
Missouri has more live-stock 
farms than anv other state in 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



15 



the Union. The average an- 
ni:al yield from these farms is 
$6.86 per acre, while the aver- 
age for the whole United 
States is but $5.12 per acre. 

Dairying is one of the most 
lucrative divisions of the live- 
stock industry. There are in 
the state more than 750,000 
dairy cows which yield annu- 
ally nearly 260,000,000 gallons 
of milk, the total value of the 
dairy products being about 
$15,000,000. The Missouri 
State Dairy Association and 
the dairy work done at the 
State Agricultural College have 
aided greatly in the develop- 
ment of the industry. Plants 
yielding food for the honeybee 
abound, and Missouri, with an 
annual product of more than 3,000,000 
pounds of honey, ranks third in production. 

Poultry Raising. Where natural condi- 




FlG. 




Fig. 28 The dtstribption of hogs per square mile 



7. The value of farm products per square mile. 

tions are so favorable and grain production 
so large poultry is sure to flourish. Hence 
this is an important and rapidly growing in- 
dustry, and one in which Mis- 
souri leads the countr>^ There 
are in the state between fifteen 
and twenty million chickens, 
at least 500,000 turkeys, as 
many geese, and 300,000 ducks. 
The value of the poultry prod- 
ucts for the year is about $18,- 
000,000. (Fig. 34.) 

Mineral Resources. Missouri 
has a wealth, of mineral re- 
sources. The chief minerals are 
lead, zinc, and coal. The lead 
and zinc mines are all in the 
Ozark region, in three districts 
— the southeastern, the cen- 
tral, and the southwestern — in 
which either one or both ores 
are mined. (Fig. 37.) 

The southeastern, which is the 
largest of these districts, lies 



i6 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



in St. Franjois, Madison, 
Washington, Franklin, and 
Jefferson counties. Lead is the 
only ore mined in this district. 
At the present time most of the 
lead ore comes from St. Fran- 
gois and Madison counties. 
The ore occurs as little lumps 
and specks scattered through 
solid limestone rock. For this 
reason it is called disseminated 
ore. It is found in mines from 
200 to 500 feet beneath the 
surface. The rock containing 
the ore is blasted out, raised to 
the surface, and crushed almost 
to a powder It is then carried 
by running water through a 
great many boxes. This pro- 
cess washes away the lighter 
limestone pieces, leaving finally 





Fig. 30. Scene at a horse market, Kansas City. 

Missouri is an important source for horses. One of the 

four purchasing stations for Government horses is 

located at Kansas City and another is at St. Louis. 

only the clean, heavy lead ore, which is as 
fine as sand and clay. This is shipped out 
in canvas bags. 

The central lead and zinc 
district lies in Moniteau, Cole, 
Miller, Morgan, and Camden 
counties. Once a great deal 
of ore was mined here, but now 
only a few small mines are 
nmning. The largest of these 
mines is at Fortuna, near the 
line between Morgan and 
Moniteau counties. The ore in 



Fig. :3q The dislribntion of horses, mules, and asses per square mile. 



this district occurs in pockets in clay and in 
broken pieces of rock. Most of the mines 
are shallow. 

The southwestern lead and zinc district, 
which includes Jasper, Newton, Lawrence, 
and Greene counties, is very rich. It is the 
richest zinc region in the country, yielding 
about four-fifths of all the zinc ore produced 
in the United States. The producing mines 
lie chiefly in Jasper, Newton, and Lawrence 
counties. (Fig. 36.) Small amounts of lead 
and zinc ore have been mined in Barry, 
Stone, Christian, Taney, and Dade counties. 




Fig. 



31- 



Hogs 



in a blue grass pasture, M.n: 
profitable farm product. 



I. L'tinty, a staple and 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



17 




Fig. 32. Scene on a Missouri s'ock farm. Last feed 
on the farm before going to market. 

The mines in Jasper, Newton, and Law- 
rence counties are, as a rule, not so deep as 
those in the southeastern district. (Fig. 35.) 
The ore occurs usually in open ground, not 
in solid rock. In some mines it is found in 
layers between the beds of rock, both lead 
and zinc being found in the same mine. 
When the mines were first worked there was 
no demand for the zinc ore, so it was 
thrown aside and not used. When a demand 
arose for it this ore was collected and sold, 
and now zinc ore constitutes the principal 
product of the mines. 

Several years ago southern Missouri had a 
great many iron mines and iron furnaces and 
was an important iron producer. Now the 
only furnace in 
the state smelt- 
ing ]\Iissouri iron 
ores is one in 
Dent County. 
This is because 
the famous old 
iron mines, like 
Iron Mountain, 
Pilot Knob, and 
Simmons Moun- 
tain, have be- 
come exhausted, 
and no new pay- 
ing mines have 
been discovered. 



Copper occurs in a number of counties. 
It was worked as early as 1837. The ore is 
now mined and smelted at Sullivan, and de- 
posits at other points are attracting attention. 

The coal fields of Missouri occupy a belt 
rmming diagonally across the state from 
northeast to southwest. The eastern line 
of this belt extends rather irregularly from 
the northwestern comer of Jasper County to 
Glasgow; thence it extends nearly south- 
eastward to Fulton and then northward to 
Lancaster. The western boundary of the 
belt extends very irregularly from the south- 
western part of Bates County northeastward, 
meeting the state line in Putman County. 
West of the belt included between these two 




'^^^^H 


m 






-.■rka>-"*b.^^ a,-, V '■■■ c"*^^?-; - 


m 


^^^jTM 


l^ggm^gjajl^. - 



Fig 



34. A poultry farm, in southwestern M::.'.,.'::i ;. 1' ::!li-y la: 
is a profitable and widely established industry in the state. 



Fig. 33. .4 group of prize Angora goats. The goats 

are bred for their fleece, wliit h is known as mohair and 

is used in making plush and dress goods. 



lines a few mines 
exist, but east of 
it there are no 
mines of any 
importance. 

Within this 
belt there are 
three coal-min- 
ing areas, which 
we shall call the 
southwestern, 
the central, and 
the northern 
regions. The 
center of the 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




Fig. 35. ]\1 II! ing scene at Aurora, a busy lead and zinc 

milling tcnvn in Lawrence County, one of the 

important mineral counties of the state. 

southwestern region is Rich Hill, that of the 
central, Lexington, while the northern and 
larger region has several important centers, 
among which are Huntsville, Bevier, No- 
vinger, and IMendota. 

The coal beds embraced in the southwest- 
ern region are about two and one-half feet 
thick, in the central region they are about one 
and three-fourths feet thick, and in the north- 
em region the beds are from about two and 
one-half to five feet thick. (Fig. 37.) 

The coal 
product of 
Missouri is an 
important 
one, and her 
resources are 
such that her 
coal-mining 
industry will 
continue to 
exist for a 
long time. Up 
to the present 
time the mark- 
et for Missouri 
coal has been 
west of the 
mining region. 

Manufactur- 
ing. Manufac- 
turing is an 



industry confined chiefly to cities and towns, 
and its success depends upon the presence of 
raw materials near at hand, cheap and abun 
dant fuel and food, and good transportation 
facilities. In all these things no other com- 
monwealth excels Missouri, which leads all 





Fig. 37. The distribution of lead, zinc, and coal. 



Fig. ;(>. .1 mine in the southwestern lead and cine dis- 
trict. Tlic zinc ores of this district are widely known 
ior their richness and it is one of the world's 
chief sources of supply for zinc. 

States west of the Mississippi and ranks fifth 
in the Union in manufactures. (Fig. 42.) 
St. Louis, the fourth city in size in the United 

States, is like- 
wise fourth in 
manufactur- 
ing, producing 
in 1900 goods 
amounting to 
$233,000,000. 
In the manu- 
facture of some 
things, such 
as tobacco and 
boots and 
shoes, St. 
Louis has few 
if any rivals ; 
Kansas City, 
second in pop- 
ulation in the 
state, has a 
yearly product 
valued at 



/.IW 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



^9 



$36,000,000; St. Jo- 
seph, the third city, an- 
nually manufactures 
products worth $31,- 
000,000; Springfield, 
the fourth city, has for 
its leading industry 
the manufacture of 
flouring and grist- 
mill products. (Figs. 
43 and 44.) While 




there are 250 kinds of 
manufactures in the 
state, the principal 
products, in the order of their capital value, 
are malt liquors, foundry and machine shop, 
and flouring and gristmill products, lumber 
and timber, printing and publishing products, 
tobacco, slaughtering and meat-packing sup- 
plies, men's clothing, brick and tile, railroad 
cars, boots and shoes, carriages and wagons. 
(Figs. 39, 41, 45, and 46.) Inexhaustible 
deposits of excellent lime rock and fine sand 
have made profitable the minor industries of 
making lime, glass, and cement. (Figs. 11, 
38, and 40.) 

Transportation. The development of a 
country depends largely upon its facilities 
for transportation. Good roads or other 



Fig. 38. Lime works in Marion County. Valuable 

deposits of suitable stone and shale have made this 

county one of the chief centers of production 

for lime and Portland cement. 




Fig. 30. Loadini; railroad tics for shipment. Tics 

are a leading product m lumber districts convenient 

to transportation and an important item in 

the trade of the nearby towns. 



efficient means of 
transportation are 
necessary for commu- 
nication afid for car- 
rying on trade. The 
Mississippi and Mis- 
souri rivers were in 
early days the princi- 
pal channels of travel 
and traffic, but with 
the building of rail- 
roads a better means 
of transportation was 
offered, and the rivers 
have lost their supremacy. River traffic, 
however, between St. Louis and the Gulf is 
still large. (Fig. 47.) The state is traversed in 
all directions by railroads, the chief centers 
being St. Louis, Kansas City, and St. Joseph. 
In i860 there were 817 miles of railroad in 
Missouri. By 1880 this mileage had grown 
to 3,960, and to-day exceeds 7,700 miles. 

Banks. Banks are a necessary factor in 
industrial Hfe, and Missouri leads in the num- 
ber of state banks and is seventeenth in the 
number of national banks. The deposit 
per capita of the citizens is $138.81. 

The State Government. The first constitu- 
tion was adopted in 1820, and, as the state 




Fig. 40. A sand dredge at work. Sands valuable for 

glass making and for building purposes are widely 

distributed in l\Iissoiiri and are utilized 

largely in these industries. 



20 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




Fig. 41. A general vicM of the stock yards at St. Joseph. Missouri in recent years ha^ prepteJ enormously by the 
steady trend of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry toiuard the corn belt a>id tlie cattle 
country, and by igoo it had become the leading industry in the state. 



developed, another better adapted to the 
needs of the citizens was adopted in 1865. 
The present constitution was adopted in 1875. 
The government is divided into three parts 
— the Executive, the Legislative, and the 
Judicial. The Executive consists of the 
Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary 
of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, 



iS^o 



jSqo 
IQOO 

Fig. 42. Growth of manufacturing industries in 

Missouri, shown by value of products, in millions 

of dollars, at each Federal census jSjo. to igoo. 

Attorney-General, and Superintendent of 
Public Schools, all of whom are elected by 
the people for terms of four years. 

It is the duty of the Governor to see that 
the laws are faithfully executed. He is 
commander-in-chief of the militia. He may 
grant commutations, reprieves, and pardons, 
and appoint many officials with the consent 
of the Senate. The Lieutenant-Governor is 
ex-officio President of the Senate, and he 
succeeds the Governor in case of death. 



■T 


100 


,jo 


^oo 


.'SO 


300 


JSO ■>« 






1 
1 
1 

1 


















' 



















disal)ility, or removal from office. The State 
Treasurer receives and keeps the money of 
the state and pays it out on warrants 





c 


S° 


too 1 


-.1 200 


250 


300 


35° 


4X 


sp 


ingfidd. 


1 

1 
■ 1 


1 

1 
1 


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1 










SI 


Jos,-l.h.. 


^mm 1 


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Kansas City 




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1 


] 










Vf 


Louis... 

teof 




, 






1 






Sic 

M 











Fig. 



43- 



Value of manufactured products in millions of 
dollars, census of igoo. 



drawn upon the treasury. The State Auditor 
keeps the state accounts and enforces the 
payment of all claims due the state. 

The chief source of the state revenue is the 
general property tax. A State Board of 
Equalization, consisting of the Governor, 
State Auditor, State Treasurer, Secretary of 
State, and Attorney-General, adjusts and 



( 


J-J 


100 


/jD 


5a) 

1 


230 


r 


JSo 


400 


Foundry and 
vtaehiruahitp.. 


















Printing 

and put/liafiing 


H 1 
















Flouring and 
griatmlU 


^ \ 
















Tobacco 


^ 1 
















Slaughtering .J 
meat jJacking . . 


_. . ' 


1 














Total 




1 




■^^ 


^^^^ 


' 


■ 


^ 



Fig. 44. Value of special manufactured products 
millions of dollars, in Missouri, in ipoo. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



21 




Fig. 45. St. Joseph tJwcciitcr of a ividi- area dcroicil l-u^i ii u;hl sL. 1: raising.an.! . ■ '■' ■ added ,iJi:: 

transportation leads the state m slaugktcrmg and meat packing The products of its cstabusi:i::ci!is 
in recent years have increased at an astonishing rate. 



iceHent 



equalizes valuations among the several coun- 
ties. This Board also assesses the property 
of railroad, telegraph, telephone, and bridge 
companies. 

The Secretary of State has charge of the 
public records and acts of the General 
Assembly, and is custodian of the state 
seal, is registrar of lands, and superintends 
the examinations of state banks and trust 
companies. The Attorney-General is prose- 
cuting attorney and chief legal adviser for 
the state. The State Superintendent of 




Schools directs the public schools of the state, 
exercises supervision over the school funds, 
and may grant certificates to teachers. 

In addition to the officers already named, 
there are railroad commissioners who are 
elected by the people, and various other 



Fig. 46. A clay-working plant, Deepwatcr, Henry County. 

Deposits of valuable clays have made the manufacture 

of clay products important industries in this county. 

Notice the sewer pipe awaiting shipment. 




Fig. 47. A steamboat on the Mississippi River. 



officers who are appointed by the Governor. 
Among the last mentioned are the Adjutant- 
General, Superintendent of Insurance, Cura- 
tors of the University, Regents of Nonnal 
Schools, and Board of Managers of the state 
charitable and penal institutions. 

Each county elects officers to administer 
the local government. The highest officer in 
the county is the sheriff. The prosecuting 



22 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




attorney in 
each county 
represents the 
state in crimi- 
nal prosecu- 
tion and is 
legal adviser 
for his county. 
A constable is 
elected in each 
township, and 
police officers 
are appointed 
in towns and 
cities. The 
local govern- 
ment of cities 
and towns 
consists of a 
mayor and 
council or ■'^'°- 48. The congressional districts of Missouri, 1904 

board of aldermen, city attorney, treas- 
urer, auditor or comptroller, and police 
officers. 

The legislative or lawmaking power 
is vested in the General Assembly, 
which meets in Jefferson City every two 
years. (Fig. 65.) Its members are 
elected by the people, and at present 
number thirty-four Senators, elected 
for four years, and 142 Representa- 
tives, elected for two years. (Fig. 48.) 

The judicial department consists of 
a Supreme Court, courts of appeal, 



circuit courts, 
criminal 
courts, county 
courts, pro- 
bate courts, 
and justice 
courts. Their 
purpose is the 
enforcement 
and adminis- 
tration of law. 
The Supreme 
Court is coin- 
posed of seven 
judges, each 
of whom is 
elected for ten 
years at a sal- 
ary of $4,500 
per year. 





Fig. 



5°- 
I 



A general view of the State 
niversity at Columbia. 



Fig. 49. Tlte Sclwol of Mines at Rolla. 



Penal Institutions. There is 
a penitentiary for both men 
and women located at Jefferson 
City, a state Training School 
for Boys at Boonville, and a 
state Industrial Home for 
Girls at Chillicothe. 

State Charities. There is a 
school for the blind in St. Louis, 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



23 



a school for tlie 
deaf and dumb 
at Fulton, and 
the Missouri 
Colony for 
Feeble Minded 
and Epileptics 
at Marshall. 
Missouri has 
four state hos- 
pitals for the 
insane, located 
respectively 
at St. Joseph, 
Fulton, Farm- 
ington, and 
Nevada. There 
is a Federal 
Soldiers' Home 
situated at 
St. James, and 
a Confederate Soldiers' Home at Higginsville, 
Education. ]\Iissouri early made liberal 
provision for public schools and to-da}' has 
a permanent productive school fund that 
exceeds $13,000,000. The first constitution 
not only made ample provision for schools, 
but likewise called the attention of the 
Legislature to the need of a state university ; 
the second constitution repeated and empha- 
sized the statements of the first. The growth 
of the public school system has been rapid 
and substantial, and the per cent of illiterates 
in Missouri has decreased steadily. The State 
University, founded in 1834 at Columbia, 




Fig. 51. The location of the leading educational institutions of Missouri. 



Boone County, 
stands at the 
head and is the 
outgrowth of 
the public 
school system. 
It has seven 
well equipped 
departments, 
with an annual 
attendance of 
about 1,700. 
(Fig. 50.) At 
Rolla is the 
School of Mines 
and iletal- 
lurgy, a de • 
partment of 
the State Uni- 
versity and an 
outgrowth of 



the mining interests of the state. (Fig. 49.) 
There are six normal schools. The oldest, 
founded in 1867, is at Kirksville (Fig. 53); 
the others are located at Warrensburg 
(Fig. 52), Cape Girardeau (Fig. 54), Spring- 
field, Maryville, and at Jefferson City, where 
is located Lincoln Institute, for the training 
of colored teachers. About 3,000 students 
are in attendance annually at the normals. 
The State Board of Education is composed 
of the State Superintendent of Public Schools, 
the Governor, the Secretary of State, and 
the Attorney-General. The state has school 
property worth $42,600,000, an enrollment of 



THE LEADING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF MISSOURI 



COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 

1 Southwest Baptist College, Bapt.. Boli- 

var. 

2 Missouri Wesleyan College, M. E.. Cam- 

eron. 

3 Christian University. Christian. Canton. 

4 Christian College, Christian, Columbia. 

5 Stephens College. Bapt., Columbia, 

6 University of Missouri. State, Colum- 

bia. 

7 Central College, M, E. So. Fayette. 

8 Westminster College, Presb., Fulton. 



g Pritchett College, non-sect., Glasgow 

10 La Grange College, Bapt., La Grange, 

11 William Jewell College. Bapt., Liberty. 

12 Missouri Valley College, Cumb. Presb,. 

Marshall. 

13 Hardin College, Bapt., .Mexico, 

14 Park College, Presb.. Parkville. 

15 Christian Brothers College, R, C St. 

Louis, 

16 St, Louis University. R. C, St, Louis. 

17 Washington University, non-sect,, St, 

Louis. 



iS Drury College, Cong., Springfield. 

19 Tarkio College, U. Presb., Tarkio, 

20 Central Wesleyan College. M, E,, Wa 

renton, 

PUBLIC NORMAL SCHOOLS 

21 State Normal School, Kirksville, 

22 State Normal School, Warrensburg. 

23 State Normal School, Cape Girardeau. 

24 State Normal School, .lefferson City. 
2 5 State Normal School, Springfield. 

26 State Normal School, Maryville. 



24 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



7 3 1 , 4 1 o pupils with 
17,036 teachers, 
282 high schools, 
9,38orural, and 594 
city and town dis- 
trict schools. 

There are also a 
number of private 
schools for higher 
education that 




Fig. 



52- 



are doing excellent work. 
Among these are Washington University and 
St. Louis University at St. Louis, Central Col- 
lege at Fayette, William Jewell College at 
Liberty, Westminster College at Fulton, Chris- 
tian Brothers College at St. Louis, St. Vincent's 
College at Cape Girardeau, Drury College at 
Springfield, Missouri Valley College at Mar- 
shall, and Park College at Parkville. (Fig. 51.) 




■ic. 53. 



Tire First District A^oriiial ScJiool of J^Iissonn 
at Kirksville. 



Art and Literature. In a new communit}- 
the material side develops first; but with 
improved conditions come intellectual and 
artistic growtli. Along these Imes ^Missouri 
has made an excellent beginning, as is 
attested by the fine libraries and art gal- 
leries to be found in St. Louis and Kansas 
City. Among her artists the most widely 
known is George C. Bingham. The state 
publications include 1,000 newspapers and 
magazines. The greatest American humorist, 
Samuel L. Clemens ("Mark Twain") is a 
native of Missouri, and Eugene Field, " the 



children's poet," 
also was born and 
reared in this state. 
(Figs. 67 and 68.) 
Religion. The 
first settlers in ]\Iis- 
souri were French 
Catholics from Illi- 
nois. The Spanish 
commandants were of the same faith. Immi- 
grants who came later from Virginia and 
Kentucky were chiefly Protestants. The 
first religious service of which there is any 
record was in 1760, and the first church 
edifice (Catholic) was built in 1 7 70 in St. Louis. 

THE LEADING RELIGIOUS DENOMIXATIONS 



The Second District Normal School of Missouri, at 
Warreiisbtiro. 



CHURCH 


Organized or 
Founded 


Communicanis or 
Metnbers 


Baptist 

Catholic 


17OQ 
1760 
1S20 
1855 
1S20 
1S40 
1S47 
1806 
1S14 
1819 


150,000 










Cumberland Presbyterian. . 

German Evangelical 

German Evang. Lutheran , 

Methodist 

Presbyterian 

Protestant Episcopal 


30.000 
20,000 
30.000 
aoo.ooo 
40,000 
I 2,000 



The first Protestant preacher of whom there 
is any record crossed and recrossed the Alis- 
sissippi in his skiff to preach to the pioneers 
near Jackson, in Cape Girardeau County. 
This was in 1779. And in 1806 the first Prot- 
estant church was built and dedicated. 




Fig. 54 



Third District Normal School of Missouri, 
at Cape Girardeau. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



25 



iSto 

iSSo 



10.96 



'SSS 



Fig. 55. 



//. THE GROWTH AND DEVELOP- 
MENT OF CITIES. 

Gain in Population. In recent years there 
has been a remarkable growth in the urban 
population of Missouri ^ , 

at the expense of the 
rural. Between 1890 
and 1900, the gain in 
total population in 
Missouri was 15.95 per 
cent, the gain in rural 
3.64 per cent, while the 
gain in urban population 
during the decade was 
34.54 percent. In igoo 
out of a total popula- 
tion of 3,106,665, 46.23 
per cent, or nearly one- 
half of the whole, resided 
in urban centers. (Figs. 55 and 56.) There 
were in the state in 1890 twenty-nine incorpo- 
rated cities and towns having a population of 
4,000 or more. By 1900 this number had grown 
to thirty-five, the aggregate population of these 
urban centers being 1,084,014, or more than 
one-third of the 
total within the 
state. This great 
advance in ur- 
ban population 
is due largely to 
the immense 
growth of agri- 
cultural and 
manufacturing 
industries and 
to the develop- 
ment of vast 
mineral re- 
sources within 
the state, con- 
ditions creating 
demands for 
new markets 
as outlets for 
increased prod- 
ucts or as cen- 
ters of supply 



Tlte density of populalioii per square ti'.ile in 
Alissjiiri, at eceli census. 




Fig. 59. TIw distribution of urban population in Missottri, census of igoo. 



for growing industries. The population figures 
given in connection with the cities which follow 
are from the Twelfth Federal Census. 

St. Louis (575,238), the oldest and largest 
city of the state, lies on the Mississippi River 
, about twenty- one miles 

below the mouth of the 
Missouri, a situation 
that offered excellent 
facilities for the develop- 
nient of trade. The area 
of the city embraces 
about sixty-two square 
miles, with a water front 
of about twenty miles. 
Its situation is beautiful, 
and the city, hand- 
somely and substantiallv 
built, contains many 
fine public and private 
buildings, miles of well paved streets, and a 
most efficient street railway system. (Figs. 
57, 58, and 60.) 

St. Louis ranks fourth among the great cities 
of the Union in population and manufactures, 
and, among the cities of the Mississippi Basin, 

with the excep- 
tion of Chicago, 
is without a ri- 
val as a com- 
mercial, manu- 
facturing, and 
financial center. 
The city owed 
its settlement 
and early de- 
velopment to 
the fur trade, 
which at once 
made it the cen- 
ter of distribu- 
tion for the 
western coun- 
try. In 1763 
Pierre Laclede 
and Augusta 
Chouteau 
opened a fur- 
trading station 



26 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



ST. LOUIS 

AND VICINITY 
Scale 




Fig 57- Map of the city of St. Louis and Vicinity. 



Copyright, rgoj, [>y Rand, McXally &* Company 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



27 





Fii'., 5^. The water front, St. Louis, as seen from the shore at East 
St. Louis. Note the great Eads bridge on tlie right. 

on the site where the city now stands. Thrifty and 
industrious French immigrants speedily gathered 
around them, traffic extended rapidly, and the 
community soon became 
a prosperous French 
settlement. Following 
the Louisiana Purchase 
in 1803, came Americans 
from Virginia, Tennes- 
see, and the Carolinas. 
Later came people from 
England and Germany, 
and the population in- 
creased from 1,000 in 
1803 to 16,000 in 1840. 

The building of the 
first railway west from 
St. Louis, the Pacific, 

was begun in 1S51. Now the city is the termi- 
nus of twenty-four railroads, and its transporta- 
tion facilities are among the most extensive and 
efficient of any city in the country. 

Two magnificent bridges — the Eads 
and the Merchants — span the Missis- 
sippi at St. Louis. These rank among 
the notable bridges of the world, while 
among the largest railway stations is 
the Union Station of this city The 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, held 
in St. Louis in 1904, owed its mag- 
nificent success largely to the efforts 
of her citizens. 

St. Louis is noted for her excellent 
system of public schools, and has 
many superior private schools. Wash- 
ington University is one of the leading 



Fig. 5q. V^icwjn the Missouri Botanical Gnrden — Shaw's 

Garden. This garden contains one of the most extensive 

collections of native and foreign flora in America. 



educational institutions in the Union. 
The Catholic parochial schools are 
excellent and there are many other 
good denominational schools. The 
leading libraries are the Mercantile, 
the Public, and the Law Library. 

The park system is notable alike 

for its extent and its beauty. Forest 

Park, where the Fair was held, the 

largest of the public parks, contains 

1,400 acres, while the most widely 

known is the Missouri Botanical 

Garden, or Shaw's Garden. (Fig. 59.) 

Kansas City (163,752), on the western border 

of the state at the confluence of the Missouri and 

Kansas rivers, the second city in the state in 

size and importance, is 
termed the gateway to 
the West. It is the 
commercial metropolis 
of a wide region remark- 
able for its fertility and 
its great mineral wealth. 
In reality Kansas City, 
Mo., and Kansas City, 
Kans., are, in commer- 
cial interests, one city, 
and only the accident 
of a state line renders 
two city governments 
necessary. Together in 
1900 the two cities had 215,170 inhabitants. 
Like St. Louis, Kansas City owed its founda- 
tion to the fur trade. In 1826 M. Chouteau 




Fig. 60. 



Looking down 'into the heart of the business district of St. 
Louis from the court house. 



28 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



established a branch of the 
American Fur Company at 
the present site of Kansas 
City, which until 1S38 was 
known as Westport Land- 
ing. The growth and de- 
velojjment of the city have 
been steady and continuous. 
As manufactures increased 
and trade extended, railroad 
facilities grew proportion- 
ately, and the city is now 
one of the greatest railroad 
centers in the United States. 

Kansas City has an excel- 
lent location. The manu- 
facturing and wholesale 
district of the city is built 
largely in the low, level land 
lying adjacent to the rivers, 
while the retail and resident 
portions are built upon the bluffs and hills 
situated south and east of the rivers. It has an 
extensive park and boulevard system which 
greatly enhances the natural beauty of the city. 

Its meat-packing industry, including the 
packing houses of Kansas City, Kans., and its 
live-stock trade, which is the second largest in 
the world, are exceeded only by those of Chicago. 
These form the leading industries. The city is 




Fig. 61. Eleventh Street easi from Main Sircet 
Kansas City, tJie retail shopping 
district of tltj city. 

largest mixed high 
School Board also 
of 100,000 volumes 



an important grain market 
and is one of the greatest 
distributing centers in the 
world for agricultural imple- 
ments. The confectionery, 
fruit and produce, milling, 
lumber, millinery, and manv 
other interests are large and 
important. 

The city has also looked 
to higher things, and is 
widely known for beautiful 
churches and justly proud 
of its public schools, which 
rank among the best in the 
country. The four high 
schools have the largest at- 
tendance in proportion to 
population of any schools in 
the Union, and its Central 
and Manual Training are the 
schools in the world. The 
controls the Public Library 
housed in a classic building 



KANSAS CITY 

AND VICINITY 

S'. \I.E 

'1 II Lies 




Fig. 62. Map of Kansas City and vicinity. 




iMi-,. (.,:; Tli,- P' i-'.-.'^: .'I! Ilic I'.iSi-o K.iiisas Cily Tlic 

Pasco, with its ,:liain of parks, is one of the most 

beautiful and popidar driveways in the city. 

which likewise, contains an excellent Museum 
and an Art Gallery, with many instructive and 
well selected works. (Figs. 61, 62, and 63.) 

St, Joseph (102,979), the county seat of 
Buchanan County, beautifully situated on the 
Missouri River in the northwestern comer of 
the state, is the third city in Missouri in size, 
wealth, and commercial importance. (Figs. 41, 
45, and 64.) 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



The first settler on the site 
was Joseph Robidoux, an Indian 
trader. The town was laid out 
in 1843. St. Joseph has great 
natural advantages. It lies in 
the center of one of the most 
fertile regions in the country, 
and, having superior transporta- 
tion facilities, has become one of 
the greatest inland markets in 
the United States. The most 
important industry is the live- 
stock trade with the meat-pack- 
ing interest. The city has many 
flourishing industrial plants. 
The principal manufactures are 
woolens, boots and shoes, hard- 
ware and harness, flour, plows, 
furniture, cojperage, carriages, 
buggies and wagons, confection- 
ery, foundry 
ing. 




Fig. 64. Map of the city of St. Joseph, 
products, malt liquors, and cloth- 
The butter and dairy business is extensive, 
and the grain and seed interests employ con- 
siderable capital. 

St. Joseph has a fine system of public schools, 
as well as excellent private and parochial schools. 
Tliere are two- public libraries and five city parks. 

Joplin (26,023), situated in Jasper County in 
the extreme southwestern part of Missouri, is the 
commercial center of the great lead and zinc 
mining districts. Five-sixths of the zinc mined 
in the United States is taken out of mines 
in the vicinity of Joplin. The citjr is building 
up a large jobbing business and has a number of 
flourishing industrial plants including foundries, 



trade of $10,000,000 per annum, 
and an output from its factories 
of $17,500,000. Springfield 
maintains excellent public and 
several private schools. Drurv 
College and the Southwest State 
Normal School are located here. 
Fruit growing is an important 
industry of the Ozark region, and 
Sprmgfield is the market for 
large quantities of these products. 

Sedalia (15,231'), the county 
seat of Pettis County, is a flour- 
ishing railroad center and a job- 
bing point of importance. The 
public schools rank high, as do 
also several private schools. 

Hannibal (12,780), is perhaps 
best known as the town where 
"Mark Twain" passed his boy- 



machine shops, and 
flouring mills. It is a 
city of many churches 
and has one of the best 
systems of public schools 
in the state. 

Springfield (23,693), 
the county seat of Green 
County, situated on the 
Ozark Plateau at an alti- 
tude of 1,324 feet, is the 
leading commercial cen- 
ter of southwestern Mis- 
souri. It has a wholesale 







A, 






*■ 


















^- 






■'•-■^ 






0^-^.^, 






.•^ 














- j"^, . 





^M^ 








..::>,.^^H 


W'-"' 




-%. 




.^ 


MImI 


^# 


'^•tSb 


^h 




:^--S 


r^^^^S 


^^M 


'^ ' ■ - '• l^^M 


£l|!|l 




^i^E 


■^^^ 


wM 


^^Wm 


--'- ■il 




Hps 




^ 


■a 


i_v*ii^5 


m3^ 


Mm 


-^^^ 



hood. (Figs. 67 and 68.) The city, beautifully 
located on the Mississippi River and at the junc- 
tion of live railroads, possesses unusual trans- 
portation advantages. The principal industries 
are the manufacture of shoes, stoves, lime, and 
Portland cement. It has the largest cement 
factory in the world. The public schools are 
excellent, and there are numerous private schools 
of a high order. (Fig. 66.) 

Jefferson City (9,664), the capital of Missouri 
and county seat of Cole County, is on the south 
bank of the Missouri near the geographical 
center of the state. On high bluffs overlooking 
the river are tlie capitol (Fig. 65), the Gov- 
ernor's mansion, and the vState Penitentiary. 
The Legislature assem- 
liles once in two years in 
the capitol to make laws 
for the state. The city 
has flourishing manufac- 
tories and is noted for 
its schools and libraries. 
Carthage (9,416), tlie 
county seat of Jasper 
County in the southwest- 
ern part of the state, 
is the seventh cit}' in 
size. The surrounding 



Fig. 65. The Stale Capitol at Jefferson City. 



countrv is rich in lead 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 




Fig. (I'l. .4 view of tJic city of Hannibal. Xotice the 
Government building m the center, and in the dis- 
tance Lovers' Leap aiid Pirates' Island. 

zinc, and limestone and the city's trade in build- 
ing stone is large. It has a 
good system of public schools 
and has several private schools, a 
fine library, and beautiful parks. 

Webb City (9,201) is situated 
in the midst of rich zinc and lead 
fields and is surrounded by a 
fertile agricultural region. The 
mining, smelting, and shipping 
of lead, zinc, and coal are the 
chief industries. It also has 
foundries and manufactories of 
mining machinery. 

Moberly (8,012) is in Randolph 
Coimty, the leading county for 
coal mining. Railroad shops and 
the manufacture cf paving and 
building brick give employment 
to a large number of people. It 
is one of the important railroad 
centers of northern Missouri and has a large 
and flourishing trade. 

St. Charles (7,982), the county seat of St. 
Charles County, is situated on the blufifs of the 
Missouri River, about twenty miles northwest 
of .St. Louis. The principal industries are the 
manufacturing of cars, tobacco, compressed 
brick, and the quarrying of stone. It has 
excellent public schools as well as a number 
of good private schools. 

Nevada (7,461), the county seat of Vernon 
County, is the market for a fine agricultural 
region underlaid with coal. Mining industries 
consisting chiefly of coal and asplialtum are 
carried on near Nevada. The citv has a fine 




Fig. 67. Samuel L Cle-.nen'; {Mark 

Twain) i}i the doorwav of Im 

old home a Hannibal. 



system of public schools and excellent private 
schools. It is the site of a State Hospital for 
the Insane, and has a large park. 

Independence (6,974), the county seat of 
Jackson County, is situated ten miles east of 
Kansas City, with which it is connected by 
steam and electric car lines, and two rock roads. 
It is a well built city, the center of a fertile, 
highly improved district and has a large trade. 

Chillicothe (6,905), the county seat of Livings- 
ton County, ninety-five miles northeast of 
Kansas City, is a railroad center of importance. 
It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. 
Here is the State Industrial School for Girls. 

Aurora (6,191) is the flourish- 
ing trade center of a lead and 
zinc mining district. The sur- 
rounding country is well adapted 
to fruit growing and agriculture. 
It has excellent schools. 

Kirksville (5,966), the county 
seat of Adair County, is in the 
rnidst of an agricultural and 
stock-raising community. It 
manufactures flour, wagons, axe 
handles, and cigars. Coal is 
mined near by. The town has 
excellent public schools and is 
the seat of the First District 
Normal School, founded in 1870, 
and of the American School of 
Osteopathy. 

Columbia (5,651), the county 
seat of Boone Countv, is near 




Fig. 68. Tlie honie of Htukleberry Finn, Hannibal. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



31 



Fig. 6q. 



the center of the state, 
in the midst of a fine 
agricultural and stock- 
raising district. The 
seat of the State Uni- 
versity and of a number 
of other excellent edu- 
cational institutions, 
the interests of Colum- 
bia are largely educa- 
tional. (Fig, 69.) 

De Soto (5,611), Jef- 
ferson County, forty- 
three miles southwest of St Louis, is an impor- 
tant railroad town, and has flouring mills, brick 
works, marble works, and planing mills. It has 
good public schools and excellent private schools. 

Brookfield (5,484), in Linn County, lies in the 
center of a productive farming country under- 
laid with coal. It is the seat of railroad shops 
and has important factories. 

Trenton (5,396), the county seat of Grundy 
County, is situated in a region adapted to general 
agriculture and is adjacent to coal mines. The 
chief industrial interests are centered in cattle, 
coal mining, the railroad shops, flouring mills, 
and carriage factories. 

Louisiana (5,131), the leading city of Pike 
County, is on the Mississippi. It is noted for the 
great railroad bridge that here spans the river, 
its large nurseries, cement factory, and its lumber 
and pearl button industries. (Figs. 70 and 72.) 

Mexico (5,099), the county seat of Audrain 
County, a thriving town in the midst of a dis- 
trict devoted to the breeding of fine stock, is a 




Academic Hall, main building of the University 
of Missouri, at Columbia. 




notable stock market. 
It is the seat of Hardin 
College for girls and of 
Mexico Military Acad- 
emy for boys. 

Marshall (5,086), the 
cotmty seat of Saline 
County, is the trade cen- 
ter of a fertile, well 
improved agricultural 
district. Near by are 
celebrated mineral 
springs. Missouri Valley 
College and the Missouri Valley Colony for 
Feeble-Minded are located at Marshall. 

Clinton (5,061), the county seat of Henry 
County, is a thriving industrial and trade center 
eighty-seven miles southeast of Kansas City. 
The adjacent country is well adapted to agricul- 
ture and stock raising. The chief industries are 
the manufacture of flour and tile. The Baird 
College for women is located here. 

Fulton (4,883), the county seat of Callaway 
County, is the trade center of a fine agricultural 
and live-stock region. Its stock sales attract 
wide attention. Coal and fire clay are mined 
in the vicinity Here are a number of excellent 
educational institutions, the Missouri School for 
the Deaf, and a State Insane Asylum. 

Cape Girardeau (4,815), on the Mississippi 150 
miles below St. Louis, is a leading railroad 
and distributing point. The chief interests 
are manufacturing and the trade in agricultural 
products. A State Normal School and St. Vin- 
cent 's Convent and College are located here. 



HMlfi 




Fig. 70. The city of Louisiana. Note in the distamc the bluffs of the Mississippi and the rolling borderlands 
Here /v the region of Innesloiic and of loess soil, and here jijiinsh cement factories and vast nurseries. 



32 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



Fig. 71. 



A scene on the Meramec 
County. 



Warrensburg (4,724). 
the county seat of 
Johnson County, hes in 
a fine agricultural and 
live-stock district. It has 
manufactories of flour, 
stove polish, and shoes. 
It also has large stone 
quarries and coal i.s 
mined in the vicinity. 
Here is one of the most 
flourishing of the State 
Normal Schools. Near 
by is Pertle Springs, a 
famous summer resort. 

Maryville (4,577), the county seat of Noda- 
way County, is situated at the junction of two 
railroads. It is the trade center for a thriving 
agricultural and live-stock section, and has 
foundries for iron and steel bridges. Here is 
the seat of a State Normal School. 

Carterville {4,445) is the fourth in size of the 
large industrial towns in Jasjjer County, wdiich 
is the greatest zinc-mining district in the world. 

Boonville (4,377), the county seat of Cooper 
County, is situated on the Missouri River in a 
district devoted to farming and mining. Corn, 
wheat, and oats are shipped. The leading manu- 
factures are leather, earthenware, and flour. 
Coal is mined in the vicinity A State Training 
School for Boys is located here. 

Poplar Bluff (4,^21), the county seat of Butler 
County, is situated on a bluff overlooking the 
Black River. It lies adjacent to a large tract 
of lowland, covered with a variety of hardwood 
timbers. Lum- 
ber, staves, 
woodenware , 
and flour are 
manufactured . 
It has iron and 
machine works 
and a large ship- 
ping trade in 
lumber. 

Lexington 
(4,190), on the 
Missouri River, 




River, Franklin 




of Lafayette County, is 
the center of an agricul- 
tural and coal-mining 
section. The chief in- 
dustrial establishments 
are furniture, flour, and 
canning factories. 

Macon (4,068) is the 
county seat of Macon 
County. It has a large 
trade in agricultural 
products and important 
mining interests. Wag- 
ons, carriages, and shears 
are manufactured, and it 
also has a foundry and machine shops. Macon 
is the seat of Blees Military Academy. 

Rich Hill (4,503) is situated in the midst of a 
rich farming and mining district. Live-stock 
raising, the manufacture of flour, and coal min- 
ing are the chief industries. 

Towns with a Population of Less than 4,000. 
In the 114 counties in the state are many other 
thriving towns. Liberty, Clay County, is the 
seat of William Jewell College. This county 
likewise cont-iins Excelsior Springs, a popular 
summer pleasure and health resort. Potosi, the 
county seat of Washington County, is one of the 
oldest lead-mining centers in the state. It 
is noted also for the mining of baryta. Fayette, 
in Howard County, is the location of Central 
College, established fifty years ago, and Glasgow, 
in the same county, is distinguished for the 
observatory work in connection with the 
Pritchett Institute. Carrollton is a flourishing 

trade center in 
Carroll County, 
and Eldorado 
Springs is a 
widely known 
health resort in 
Cedar County. 
West Plains is a 
growing market 
town in Howell 
County, one of 
the leading fruit 
districts of 



.4 fctuii nursery near Louisiana. Tins region is preeminently 
the county seat adapted to jnnt growing, and here are some oj the world's largest nurseries. south Missouri. 



AIDS FOR TEACHERS 



SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS TO ACCOMPANY THE GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI 



(i) In what direction from Missouri are the nearest 
seaports? (2) Which lie nearest to northern Missouri, 
the coast ports or the Great Lakes ports ? To southern 
Missouri? (3) To what state of the Union is Missouri 
nearest in size? (4) Hew docs Missouri compare with 
Texas, the largest state? (5) How many states are 
smaller than Missouri? How many larger? (6) Describe 
the characteristic scenery of the section of the state 
in which you live. (7) Mention some topographic fea- 
tures that exist in your vicinity. (8) How Avoukl you 
find your way by a continuously u])-hill route from 
the Mississippi River to the highest part of the state ? 
(9) What is the highest altitude in the state, and 
where is it found? (10) Find the source of some 
large river that flows througli or near your county. 
Near what watershed does its source lie? (11) If you 
were asked to plan a railroad crossing your state from 
southern Illinois to Kansas, what route would you select 
to secure the easiest grade? Explain your selection. 
(12) Can you give any physiographic reason why rail- 
roads should be fewer in the southern than in the 
northern part of the state? (13) What states eon- 
tribute water to swell the volume of the navigable 
streams of Missouri? (14) Find a place in Missouri from 
whence a row-boat might reach the Mississippi River 
by passing through three other states and territories. 
(15) Find in Fig. 8 a group of counties in which you 
would expect rocky bluffs to be entirely lacking. Tell 
why. (16) If you were to sink a deep well near 
Joplin, what kind of rock w-ould you expect to meet? 
(17) What kind near St. Joseph? (18) If all mantle 
rock were stripped from the state, where would you 
expect to find the greatest elevations remaining? 
Why? (19) In what portion of the state would you 
find the more rugged scenery ? Why? (20) What is the 
traditional explanation of the lowlands in the south- 
eastern part of the state? (21) After looking at Fig. 
14, from what direction would you expect the rain- 
laden winds to come? (22) In what part of the state 
would you think the greatest number of sunshiny days 
would be recorded? (23) Is it possible to tell from 
Fig. 14 where snowstorms are most frequent? (24) 
Can you see in Fig. 4 a possible explanation of the 
southward bend of the 56° isotherm in Fig. 14? Of the 
similar bend in the 52° isotherm? (25) Where would 
you expect, after looking at Fig. 14, to find the most 
luxuriant plant growth of wild varieties? Why? 
. (26) From what is said of animal life in the southern 
part of the state, what would you infer as to the 
density of popiilation there? (27) In what way does 
the State Fish Commission aid the extension of fish- 



erics? (28) Name some famous tribes of the Siouan 
family living farther north than Missouri. (29) What 
has become of the Indian tribes that formerly had 
homes in the present limits of Missouri? (30) Why 
were the early fur traders and missionaries interested 
in the location of Indian tribes? (31) For what pur- 
pose did De Soto enter the region of the lower Missis- 
sippi? (32) For what purpose did Marquette descend 
the Mississippi River? {^i) What nation might prop- 
erly have disputed French sovereignty in the Missis- 
sippi Valley? (34) Why were the first settlements 
located on the Mississippi rather than farther west- 
ward? (35) After 1763 was French or Spanish the 
language of Missouri? (36) About when did English 
begin to be the common language of Missoui-i? (37) 
With what state besides Missouri is Boone's fame 
connected? (38) Indicate the extent of the Louisiana 
cession of 1803. (39) Why was the Santa Fe trail 
important? (40) Suggest a possible reason why Mis- 
sourians were interested in the capture of Santa Fe 
especially. (41) What is meant by "slavery"? By 
"a slave state"? (42) Find in Fig. 4 a possible 
explanation of the presence of alluvial soil in south- 
eastern Missouri as shown in Fig. 18. (43) After 
examining Figs. 7, 18, and 27, what conclusion would 
you reach as to the productiveness of glacial soils? 
(44) What coincidence as to climate and corn-growing 
can you observe on comparison of Fig. 14 and Fig. 30? 
(45) "what coincidence as to physiography and wheat 
growing do you detect in Fig. 2 1 ? (46) Why does not 
cotton figure among the important crops of Missouri? 
(47) Where in Missouri are vegetables most largely 
grown ? (48) After examining the maps and diagram 
showing crops, which would you think most likely to be 
the principal crop of Missouri ? (49) What conclusion 
can you draw from certain figures as to whether the 
plateau country of Missouri is good for fruit grow- 
ing? (50) What are the principal fruits marketed from 
your part of the state? (51) Why are hogs raised in 
exceptionally large numbers in northern Missouri? (52) 
What becomes of the hogs not slaughtered on the 
farms where they are raised? (53) To what part of 
the Union are Missouri mules most largely shipped? 

(54) How does Missouri rank as a dairying state? 

(55) What proportion of its people are engaged in 
agriculture? (56) What state approaches nearest to 
Missouri as a poultry state? (57) For what purposes 
besides food ai'e eggs used in commerce? (.s8) Com- 
paring Fig. 37 with Fig. 4, can you see any relation 
between the metalliferous districts and the elevated 
region ? Can you suggest any theory to account for it ? 



[vii] 



Vlll 



AIDS FOR TEACHERS 



(59) Name three towns whose prosperity depends 
chiefly on mining industry (60) For what commercial 
purpose is zinc used? (61) Are the lead and zinc of 
Missouri chiefly used within the state? (62) What is 
meant by a " smeltery " for iron? (63) What can you 
tell of the production of gold and silver in Missouri? 
(64) Where in the Mississippi basin outside of Missouri 
is copper mined? (65) Is Missouri coal of the anthra- 
cite or bituminous variety ? (66) Why does Missouri 
coal find its chief markets west of the state rather than 
to the eastward ? (67) Why are towns near coal mines 
considered good places to locate factories ? (68) From 
what regions would the tobacco manufacturing indus- 
tries of St. Louis be most likely to draw their supplies? 
(69) Find on page 12 some reason why Springfield 
should have riour-milling industries. (70) Can you 
draw any conclusion from Fig. 28 as to the best loca- 
tion in Missouri for pork-packing plants? (71) Name 
one or more city industries that would be likely 
to exist in the center of a fruit-growing region. Of 
a cattle-raising region. Of a wheat-growing region. 
(72) Where would be the best place to locate a wagon- 
making establishment? (73) What advantages do 
steamboat men have over railroad men in competing 
for freight traffic? (74) What advantages do railroad 
men have over steamboat men in such competition ? 
(75) What method of transportation is most important 
to the state as a whole? Why? (76) Why are 
railroads necessary especially in a region having 
mineral resources? (77) Explain why banks are 
"necessary factors" in industrial life. (78) What is 
the difference between a state and a national bank? 
(79) Why should the governor or any other official 
possess the power to pardon ? (80) To whom would a 
city appeal for aid if its own police were unable to keep 
peace? What might then be done to enforce quiet and 
order? (81) Why is the State Board of Equalization 
important? (82) If you should have $1,000 taxable 
property, about how much would you have to pay the 



state each year in taxes? (83) Where does the monej- 
comc from that pays for the maintenance of your 
school? (84) Does your school benefit from the 
permanent school fund? (85) What is meant by a 
" county seat " ? (86) Name some right or privilege that 
is conferred upon you by the state constitution. (87) 
Can the General Assembly pass a law that will take that 
right away from you ? (88) If for any reason you should 
want some new law passed, on whom would you depend 
for its presentation in the General Assembly? Why? 
(89) What need is there of state courts when the General 
Assembly makes the laws and civil officials are provided 
to enforce them? (90) Why should Missouri have 
sixteen Congressmen rather than ten or twenty? (qi) 
Where do Congressmen go in order to do law-making 
work? Why do they not do their work at Jefferson 
City, as do members of the General Assembly? (92) 
Why is it necessary- to maintain penal instittitions? 
(93) Why should the state maintain a home for the 
feeble-minded? (94) How does it happen that Mis- 
souri has a home for Federal Soldiers and one for 
Confederate Soldiers also? (95) How does Missouri 
compare with other states in its percentage of illiter- 
acy ? (96) Why does the state maintain normal schools ? 
(97) Tell something that " Mark Twain " has written 
about Missouri scenes or about persons supposed to live 
in Missouri. (98) Repeat a stanza from some one of 
Eugene Field's poems. (99) Name one of the widely 
known newspapers of Missouri. (100) Explain why 
the situation of St. Louis "offered excellent facilitii'S 
for the development of trade." (loi) Why is the 
Eads Bridge famous all over the world? (102) Explain 
why the presence of the state line prevents the con- 
solidation of the two Kansas City municipalities. 
(103) How is the prosperity of a town helped bj- the 
centering of railroad lines there? (104) What is meant 
by the statement that certain towns have a "jobbing" 
trade or business? (105) What is meant by saying that 
a city is a "market for a large agricultural region"? 



SUGGESTIONS FOR COLLATERAL READING 



Barnard, Government of Missouri. 

Carr, Missouri, a Bone of Contention. 

Chittenden, History of Early Steamboat Navigation on 

the Missouri River. Vol. 2. 
Coues, History of the Expedition under the Command of 

Lewis and Clark to the Source of the Alissouri. 
Davis and Durrie. Illustrated History of Missouri. 
Evans, Confederate Military History. Vol. g. 
Greenwood, Life of Lewis Fields Linn. 
Hogan, On the Missions in Missouri, i8^y-68. 
HoUister and Norman, Five Famous Missourians. 
Jesse and Allen. Missouri Literature . 
King, Stories of a Country Doctor. 
Leftwich, Martyrdom in Missouri. 

MacNamara. History of Missouri. (For Priman,' Grade.) 
Missouri Geological Survey, Annual Reports. 



Missouri Historical Society (St. Louis), Publications. 

Moore, Civil War in Missouri. 

Musick, Stories of Missouri. 

Owen, Cave Regions of the Ozarks and the Black Hills. 

Owen, Voodoo Talcs (Negro folklore.) 

Parker, Missouri as It Is in iS6y. 

Rader. School History of Missouri. 

Rice. Rural Rhymes. 

Roosevelt, Life of Thomas H. Benton. 

Snead, The Fight for Missouri. 

Sncddy, Missouri Verses. 

State Historical Society of Missouri (Columbia, Mo). 

Publications. 
Switzler, Illustrated History of Missouri. 
Webb. Battles and Biographies of Missouri. 
Williams, Tlie State of Missouri. 



REFERENCE TABLES 



ORGANI- 

COUNTY 2ATION 

Adair 1841 

Andrew 1841 

Atchison 1845 

Audrain 1836 

Barry 1835 

Barton 1855 

Bates 1841 

Benton 1835 

Bollinger 1851 

Boone 1820 

Buchanan 1839 

Butler 1849 

Caldwell 1836 

Callaway 1820 

Camden 1841 

Cape Girardeau 1 8 1 2 

Carroll 1833 

Carter 1859 

Cass 1835 

Cedar 1845 

Chariton 1820 

Christian 1 860 

Clark 1818 

Clay 1822 

Clinton 1833 

Cole 1820 

Cooper 1 81 8 

Crawford 1829 

Dade 1841 

Dallas 1844 

Daviess 1836 

Dekalb... 184S 

Dent 1851 

Douglas 1857 

Dunklin 1845 

Franklin 1818 

Gasconade 1820 

Gentry 1841 

Greene 1833 

Grundy 1 843 

Harrison 1845 

Henry 1834 

Hickory 1845 

Holt 1841 

Howard j8i6 

Howell 1857 

Iron 1857 

Jackson 1826 

Jasper . . . 1841 

Jefferson 1818 

Johnson 1834 

Knox 184s 

Laclede 1849 

Lafayette 1820 

Lawrence 1 845 

Lewis 1833 

Lincoln 1818 

Linn 1837 

Livingston 1837 

McDonald 1849 

Macon 1837 

Madison 181 8 

Maries 1855 

Marion 1826 

Mercer 1845 

Miller 1837 

Mississippi 1845 

Moniteau 1845 

Monroe 1831 

Montgomery 1818 

Morgan 1833 

New Madrid 181 2 

Newton 1838 

Nodaway 1845 

Oregon 1845 

Osage 1841 

Ozark 1 841 

Pemiscot 1861 

Perry 1820 



Statistics of the State of : 








I goo 


l8yo 


S6. 


21,728 


17.417 


420 


17.332 


16,000 


532 


16.501 


15.533 


6S0 


21,160 


22,074 


7 go 


25.532 


22.943 


5go 


18.253 


18.504 


874 


30.141 


32.223 


820 


16 556 


14 973 


bio 


14.650 


13. 121 


680 


28.642 


26.043 


417 


121.838 


70.100 


702 


16,769 


10.164 


426 


16,656 


15 152 


830 


25.984 


25.131 


702 


13.113 


10.040 


S70 


24.315 


22.060 


686 


26,455 


25.742 


506 


6,706 


4.659 


712 


23,636 


23.301 


491 


16,923 


15.620 


740 


26,826 


26,254 


55' 


16.939 


14.017 


504 


15.383 


15.126 


407 


18,903 


I9.8s6 


417 


17.363 


17.138 


390 


20,5-8 


17.281 


562 


22,532 


22,707 


747 


12,959 


I i,g6i 


403 


18,125 


17.526 


530 


13.903 


12.647 


S3I 


21.32s 


20.456 


420 


I4.41S 


14.539 


768 


I2,g86 


12.149 


809 


16.802 


14.1 1 I 


531 


21,706 


15.08s 


880 


30.581 


28.056 


5.8 


l2.2gS 


I 1,706 


492 


20.554 


ig.oi8 


668 


52,713 


48,016 


432 


17.832 


17.876 


730 


24.39S 


21,033 


740 


28,054 


28.235 


408 


9,985 


9.453 


460 


17.083 


15.469 


450 


1S.337 


17.371 


907 


21.834 


18.618 


5SS 


S,7i6 


9. 119 


607 


195,193 


160.510 


632 


84,018 


50.500 


687 


25,712 


22.484 


835 


27.843 


28.132 


504 


13.479 


13. SOI 


729 


16.523 


14.701 


604 


31.679 


30,184 


612 


31.662 


26,228 


500 


16,724 


15.935 


613 


18,352 


18,346 


620 


25.503 


24,121 


532 


22,302 


20,668 


523 


13,574 


11,283 


S28 


33,018 


30,575 


495 


9.975 


0,268 


530 


9,616 


8,600 


432 


26,331 


26 233 


451 


14,706 


14,581 


597 


15,187 


14,162 


417 


11.837 


10.134 


4T0 


15.931 


15.630 


666 


19,716 


20.7go 


514 


16,571 


16.850 


6l2 


12,175 


12.31 I 


6S4 


11.280 


0,317 


629 


27,001 


22,108 


864 


32.938 


30,014 


787 


13.906 


10,467 


605 


14.096 


13,080 


747 


12.145 


9,705 


S09 


12. 115 


5.975 


46S 


15.134 


13.237 



Missouri, by Counties. Census of 1900. 



FARM PROPERTV 

INC. LIVE STOCIi 

$ 9.368.966 

15.024.567 

29.85S.169 

14.096,554 

S,oS,S,874 
10,014,226 
26,714,350 

6,369,051 

3,066,799 
12,846,915 
15,307,086 

1,786,241 
12,581,766 
1 1,554,209 

2 600,132 

9,17 1. 481 

17,193.925 

655,506 

26,276.332 

5,802.549 
16,245,537 

4.742.767 
10,579,714 
12,472,083 

12.,S4S,820 

5.3-4.S53 

13.501.315 _, 

5.830,891 

6,884,541 

3.138.788 

14.856,03s 

12.330.142 

2,619.501 

2.694,100 

3,604,564 

12,815,983 

5,017,012 

12,615,716 

I 1,971,312 

10 189,230 

16,412,733 

13,516,508 

3,224,739 

13,943.962 

10.183,366 

5.662.398 

1.343,326 

28,667,348 

12,943,248 

8,01 2,lSl 

15,372 688 

10,363,220 

2,705,554 

19,620,452 

10,206,081 

9.060,054 

9,140,621 

14,093,253 

13,456,178 

2,926,105 

13,004,237 

1,984,518 

2,468,476 

9,286.831 

8.095,398 

3,635,452 

6,373,797 

7,671,913 

13,306.218 

7,962. g46 

5,264.420 

3,514.129 

7 396.427 

30.1 22,17** 

2,461.781 

5.550,613 

1.709.698 

1,923,350 

5,878,980 



F.\RM 
PRODUCTS 
81,299,620 
2,176.975 
3.047 .oSO 
1,818,251 
1,287.1 12 
1.370.958 
2,526,970 
1.045.950 

753.025 
2.060,652 
2,006.522 

471.128 
1.893.398 
2,117,039 

619,447 
1,409,527 
2,519,153 

198,508 
^2, 488,520 

I, on ,630 

2,257,662 

994. 44S 

1,405.1 1 1 

1,788,656 

2,009,790 

962.301 

2.054.969 

600,61 1 

1.218,612 

618,175 

2.126.973 

1,750,893 

616,2 32 

587.468 

1,593.546 

2.245.167 

848,630 

1.9S7.074 

2.124,590 

1.493.275 

2,267,862 

2.006,257 

545.875 

1,955,506 

1,658,006 

904.782 

302,724 

3,532,744 

1,968.272 

1.434.679 

2,294,902 

1,449.634 

81 2,225 

2,694,706 

1 .699,616 

1 .248.094 

1 .605.242 

1.039.038 

1.-08,486 

726,173 

1 .044,626 

409 ICS 

515,647 

1,462.1 21 

1.627.199 

7 10.086 

721.868 

1.219.S89 

2,050,964 

1. 186. 344 

927.731 

692.659 

1,329,324 

4.467.335 

575.298 

946.236 

431,341 

570.329 

1,074,430 



^'^.'^^f - COUXTV SEAT ''°''^'"^'°^' 
TLRES 1900 

S 452,286 Kirks\alle 5.966 

264,041 Savannali i,S86 

153,190 Rockport i.oSo 

562.122 Mexico 5. 099 

451,872 Cassville 702 

200,079 Lamar 2.737 

566,623 Butler 3.153 

133.215 Warsaw 743 

180,616 Marble Hill 295 

559,290 Columbia S.6si 

42,467,681 St. Joseph 102,979 

1,036,307 Poplar Bluff 4.321 

410.516 Kingston 655 

393.532 Fulton 4.883 

1 1 ^.847 Linn Creek 34a 

1. 4 14.1 21 Jackson 1.65S 

474,172 Carrollton 3.S54 

1,270.276 Van Buren 

287,560 Harrison\-ille 1.S44 

215 ,940 Stockton 555 

41 2.481 Keytesville 1,127 

190,757 Ozark S30 

262.482 Kahoka i,8iS 

400,880 Liberty 2.407 

269,646 Plattsburg 1.S7S 

3.514,143 Jefferson City. . . . 9,664 

676.260 Boonville 4.377 

127.804 Steelville 686 

303,1 12 Greenfield 1,406 

i3<;.6i4 Buffalo 757 

280.069 Gallatin 1.780 

124,246 Maysville 925 

423.377 Salem 1.481 

125,759 Ava 

812,358 Kennett 1.500 

1.089,401 Union 744 

288. S20 Hermann i,575 

353.733 Albany 2,025 

5,020.119 Springfield 23.267 

524.112 Trenton 5.396 

338,990 Bethany 2.093 

613,556 Clinton 5,061 

S6.570 Hermitage 

359.421 Oregon 1.032 

447.460 Fayette 2,717 

430.251 West Plains 2,902 

492.911 Ironton 797 

37.827.40 s Independence 6,974 

5.461 .yi 3 Carthage 9,416 

2.896.996 Hillsboro 254 

509. 7S9 Warrensburg 4.724 

133.657 Edina 1.605 

165.182 Lebanon 2,125 

993.430 Lexington 4.190 

962,106 Mount Vernon. . . . 1,206 

202.738 Monticello 287 

306,489 Troy 1.153 

729,562 Linneus S78 

729,665 Chillicothe 6,905 

289.739 Pineville 

522,132 Macon 4.068 

469,671 Fredericktown i,577 

6;;. 242 Vienna 

3.178,255 PalmvTa 2,323 

141,42s Princeton J. 575 

148.701 Tuscumbia 225 

482,409 Charleston 1.S93 

336.827 CaHlomia 2.1 Si 

188.070 Paris 1.397 

242,999 Danville 174 

65.999 Versailles 1.240 

561,608 New Madrid 1.4S9 

749,900 Neosho 2,725 

606,711 Maryville 4.577 

227.91 1 Alton 468 

260,897 Linn. 491 

143.312 Gainesville 222 

718,138 Caruthersville. . . . 2.315 

251,922 Perryville 1.27s 



[i>^: 



REFERENCE TABLES 



„„,,,T^,. ORGANI- 

COUNT. ZATIOX 

Pettis 1S33 

Phelps 1S57 

Pike 1S18 

Platte 1838 

Polk 1835 

Pulaski 1818 

Putnam 1S45 

Ralls 1820 

Randolph 1S29 

Ray 1S20 

Reynolds 1845 

Riplev 185 ? 

St. Charles 181 2 

St. Clair 1S41 

Ste . Genevieve 1 S 1 2 

St. Frangois 1821 

St. Louis 1S12 

St. Louis City 1876 

&tline 1820 

Schuyler 1845 

Scotland 1S41 

Scott 1S21 

Shannon 1841 

Shelby 1835 

Stoddard 1835 

Stone 1S51 

Sullivan 1S45 

Taney 1847 

Texas 1835 

Vernon 1S51 

Warren 1833 

Washington 1S13 

Wayne 1818 

Webster 1855 

Worth i86r 

Wright 1S4.1 



REA 


POPULATION 


FAR.M PROPERTY 


FARM 


MANUFAC- 




1000 


1890 


I.NC. LIVE STOCK 


PRODUCTS 


TURES 


6S5 


32.43S 


3. .5. 


.4,872.232 


2,237.849 


1.699.163 


677 


14.. 94 


12,636 


3,210,906 


627,215 


227.750 


620 


25 744 


26,32. 


.2,312,567 


1,945,630 


2,359,437 


410 


.6. .93 


16,248 


I2,76,S.640 


1,845,3.5 


346,948 


633 


23.25s 


20,339 


8,500,060 


.,266,691 


466,292 


532 


10.394 


9,387 


2,324,707 


50S,.3. 


1.3,365 


5.8 


1 6.688 


I5.!6s 


9,597,376 


1,257,03. 


183,153 


480 


12.287 


12,294 


8,830,142 


1,347,589 


.17,465 


4S0 


24.442 


24.S03 


9,SSS 539 


.,222,136 


..098,309 


SO. 


24.S05 


24,2.5 


lS;0^6.8oi 


2,375,463 


244,396 


S30 


8. 161 


6,803 


.,446..S(.o 


388,645 


.39,682 


623 


J3.186 


8,5.2 


1,404,958 


404, .26 


382,381 


456 


24.474 


22 977 


1 1,854,008 


1,800,226 


3,375,06s 


70s 


17.007 


16 747 


7,025,401 


1,206,036 


215,428 


493 


10,350 


0,883 


3,473.160 


682,21 1 


438.209 


460 


24.051 


.7,347 


4. 321. 140 


691,825 


1.264.013 


483 


50,040 


36,307 


32,007,82s 


3 173,535 


1.441,463 


6. 


375,238 


45. ,770 


8,227,791 


1,622,169 


233,620,73? 


S20 


33,703 


33,762 


21,841,277 


3,023 36S 


800.021 


302 


10,840 


11,249 


6,489,765 


9.3,861 


164.887 


453 


.3.232 


12,674 


10. 1 1 S.I 59 


.,293,070 


177,730 


416 


13,092 


.1,228 


5,332,814 


942,152 


463,46s 


993 


11,247 


S.SoS 


.,55i,6i5 


357,140 


880,382 


S09 


16,167 


15.642 


10,087,016 


1,533,439 


202,881 


S33 


24,669 


17,327 


4,371,513 


1,140,153 


866.237 


509 


9,892 


7,000 


2,367,115 


584.760 


83.258 


64S 


20.282 


10,000 


13,031.671 


1,777,578 


157.24s 


648 


10. 1 27 


7,073 


2.040,465 


458,650 


103.587 


^5' 


22,102 


10,406 


4,269 5S8 


851,414 


282,267 


830 


31,610 


31,505 


.3 772,724 


2.056.500 


1,210,973 


4.0 


0,919 


9,913 


S, 205,42s 


8^1.036 


118,880 


744 


14,263 


.3, .53 


3,481,74-' 


677.756 


222,796 


770 


.5,309 


1..927 


2,392,853 


633.100 


1,098,392 


570 


16.640 


15, .77 


4,308.603 


823.329 


211,004 


264 


9,832 


8,738 


6,491,437 


1 .069.410 


132,006 


67? 


17,510 


14,484 


3,306,600 


665.326 


201,191 



COUXTY SEAT 



Sedalia 

Rolla 

Bowling Green. 

Platte City 

Bolivar 

Waynesville. . . , 

Union ville 

New London. . , 

Huntsville 

Richmond 

Centerville. . . . , 

Doniphan , 

St. Charles 

Osceola , 

Ste. Genevieve. 
Farmington. . . . 
Clayton 



Marshall. . . , 
Lancaster. . 
Memphis. . . 
Benton, . . . , 
Eminence. . 
Shelby ville. 
Bloomfield. 

Galena 

Milan , 

Forsyth 

Houston. . . , 
Nevada. . . . , 
Warrenton. 

Potosi 

Greenville. . 
Marshfield. . 
Grant Citv. 
Hartville.. . 



POPULATION 

I goo 

15.231 

1,600 

. .. I1Q02 

744 

i,86g 



2,050 

881 

1,80s 

3.47S 

1.508 

7,g82 
1.037 
1.707 
1.778 



5,086 

980 

2.19s 

234 

777 
I 47 5 

1.757 
204 
S14 

7.461 
770 
638 

i.osi 
964 

1,406 
445 



The Population of Missouri at Each Federal Census. 




RELA- 
TIVE 
RANK 


PER- 
CENTAGE 

OF 
INCREASE 


INCREASE 
I.V TEX 
YEARS 


TOTAL 
POPULATION 


DENSITY 

PER 
SQ. MILE 


iSio 

1820 

1S30 

1840 

.850 

1S60 

1S70 

1880 

1890 

1900 


23 
23 
21 
16 
1 1 

8 

s 

5 
5 


210.4 

110.9 

173-2 

77.8 

73,3 

45.6 

26.0 

23.8 
16.0 


45,741 
73.869 
243,247 
298,342 
490,96s 
539,283 
447,085 
5.0,804 
427,481 


20,84s 

66,586 

.40,455 

383,702 

682,044 

1,182,012 

1,721,295 

2.168.380 

2.679,184 

3.106,665 


0.3 
I .0 
2. 1 

5-6 
9 9 
17.2 
25.0 
3.5 
39 
45.2 



State or County of Birth of the Population of Missouri 



STATE NUMBER 

Illinois 179.342 

Kentucky SS.241 

Ohio 80.066 

Indiana 70.519 

Tennessee 64.972 

Kansas 56.S37 

Imva 52.575 

Virginia 35,376 

Pennsylvania 34,338 

New York ^0,268 

Arkansas 26 025 

Nebraska 13,004 

Wisconsin 11,012 

North Carolina 10,105 

Michigan 9,496 

Texas 9,109 

Mississippi 7 . . 2S 

West Virginia 6,153 

Alabama 5,890 

Maryland 5,869 

Georgia 4,967 

Louisiana 4,726 

Massachusetts 4,638 

Minnesota 3,692 

New Jersey 3,542 

Colorado 3,136 

Indian Territor>'. . . . 2,802 

California 2,282 

Vermont 2,200 

Maine 1,086 

Other states 23.830 



COUNTRY 

Germany . . . 



Ireland 

England 

Canada and Newfoundland 

Switzerland ' 

Russia 

Sweden 

Austria 

Italy 

Scotland 

Bohemia 

France 

Russian Poland 

Wales 

Denmark 

German Poland 

Hungary 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Norway 

China 

Austrian Poland 

Mexico 

Australia 

South America 

Roumania 

West Indies 

Central America 

Turkey 

Greece 

Other regions 



NUMBER 

109.282 

31.832 

15,666 

8.616 

6.819 

6,672 

5,692 

4.458 

4.34; 

3.S78 

3.453 

3.288 

1. 668 

1.613 

1,5.0 

1,476 

902 

864 

812 

S30 

442 

364 

162 

144 

123 

..5 

loi 

99 

88 

66 

1,299 



Population of the Leading Cities and Towns of Missouri 
at Each Federal Census from 1850 to 1900. 



St. Louis 

Kansas City.. . . 

St. Joseph 

Jopiin 

Springfield 

Sedalia 

Hannibal 

Jefferson City. . 

Carthage 

Webb City 

Moberly 

St. Charles 

Nevada. ....... 

Indcjiendence.. . 

Chillicothe 

Aurora 

Kirks\'ille 

Columbia 

De Soto 

Brookfield 

Trenton 

Louisiana 

Mexico 

Marshall 

Clinton 

Fulton 

Cape Girardeau 
Warrensburg. . . 

Mary ville 

Carterville 

Boon ville 

Poplar Bluff... . 

Lexington 

Macon 

Rich Hill 

Carrollton 

Richmond 

Butler 

Monett 

Washington . . . 

Cameron 

West Plains . . . 
Higginsville . . . 

Lamar 

Neosho 

Fayette 



575,238 
163,7 
102.979 
26.023 
23,267 
15,23. 
12,780 
9,664 
9,4.6 
9,20. 
8,0.2 
7,982 
7,46. 
6,974 
6,905 
6,191 
5,966 
5,651 
5,611 
5,484 
5,396 
5,13. 
S,099 
S,o86 
S,o6i 
4,883 
4,8.5 
4,724 
4.577 
4.445 
4,377 
4,32. 
4,190 
4,068 
4,053 
3,8S4 
3,478 
3,158 
3,i.S 
3,oiS 
2,070 
2,902 
2,79. 
2,737 
2,725 
2,717 



1890 



451,770 
.32,716 
52,324 
9,943 
21,850 
14.068 
12.857 
6.742 
7.981 
5,043 
8,215 
6,161 
7,262 
6,380 
S.Til 
3,482 
3,510 
4,000 
3,960 
4,547 
S,039 
5,090 
4,780 
4,297 
4,737 
4,3.4 
4,207 
4,706 
4,037 
2,884 
4,14. 
2,187 
4,537 
3,371 
4,008 
3,878 
2 89 s 
2,812 
1,699 
2,725 
2,9.7 
2,091 
2,342 
2,860 
2,198 
2,247 



350,518 

55,785 

32,43. 

7,038 

6,522 

9,561 

11,074 

5,271 

4,167 

1,588 

6,070 

5,014 

1,9.3 

3, .46 

4.078 



2,314 
3,326 
1,989 
2,264 
3,312 
4,325 
3,835 
2,701 
2,868 
2,400 
3,889 
4,049 
3,485 

483 
3,8S4 

79. 
3,996 
3,046 



2,313 
1,424 
2,162 



2,421 

2.109 

351 

797 

007 

1,631 

1,247 



1870 



310,864 
32,260 
.9,565 



5,555 

4,560 

.0,125 

4,420 



1,514 
5,570 



3,184 
3,9-8 



1,47 
2,236 



402 

920 

3.639 

2.602 



640 
1,585 
3.58s 
2,945 
1,682 



3.506 



4,373 
3,678 



1,832 
1,218 
1,064 



1,428 
.30 



1,6. 1 
875 
815 



.60.77 
4,4.8 
8,932 



6,505 
.,553 



3,. 64 
994 



658 
1,414 



61 

2,436 
960 



2.663 



2,596 



4,122 
837 



738 
615 



673 
647 



77,860 



.,498 



651 



2,326 
2,698 



REFERENCE TABLES 



XI 




JO 40 so bo ;o So 00 loo no no 



Fig. 73. Value of agriculitirat 
products ill millions of dol- 
lars, census of igoo. 



Value of Agricultural Products of Missouri, Relative 

Rank of State in Production, and Leading 

County. Census of 1900. 



PRODUCT 



Corn 

Hay and forage 

Dairv products 

Wheat 

Poultry 

Eggs 

Oats 

Orchard products. . . . 

Potatoes 

Berries 

Cotton 

Wool 

Sorghum products. . . 

Flaxseed 

Sweet potatoes 

Clover and grass seed 
Honey and wax . . . - 

Vine products 

Tobacco 

Broom com 

Onions 

Rye 

Beans 

Peas 

Castor beans 

Nuts 

Kafir com 

Buckwheat 

Barley 

Peanuts 

Maple syrup 

Maple sugar 



RANK 

OF 
STATE 



6 

S 



6 
14 

7 
?. 
S 
16 
3 



.?.5 
14 



VALVE OF 
PRODUCT 



S61.346 
20.467 
1.5.042 
1,1.520 

o,.';25 

8. .lis 

4.66q 

2.044 

2.756 

1.050 

904, 

S22 

660 

519 

424 

42.? 

348, 
314. 
2IS 
i5g 



.501 
360 

,01 2 

252 

,7 I 

,185 

6g5 

.811 

S7I 

6. '4 
930 
470 

,604 

S07 

99 I 
gSS 
877 
,192 
,850 
.701 
.177 
Ss8 
.S36 
.079 
.232 
.407 
,271 

,2SS 



LEADING 
COUNTY 

Nodaway. 

Sullivan. 

St. Louis City. 

Franklin. 

Nodaway. 

Franklin. 

Nodaway. 

St. Louis. 

St. Louis. 

St. Louis. 

Dunklin. 

Monroe, 

Johnson. 

Bates. 

St. Louis. 

Knox. 

Macon. 

St. Louis. 

Chariton. 

Henry. 

St. Charles. 

Clark. 

Clark. 

Howell. 

Vernon. 

Henry. 

Bates. 

Clark. 

Nodaway. 

Oregon. 

Boone. 

Madison, 



Live Stock Owned in Missouri, 1900. 





RAXK 

OF 
STATE 


VALUE 


LEADIMG 
COUNTY 


Cattle . . 


6 
6 
2 

iS 
3 

5 

3 


S75.656.S07 

42.094.814 

15.482,282 

3.350,846 

16.5.^3.935 

508,217 

5.720,359 


Nodaway. 


Horses 


Mules. . . 




Sheep 




Swine . . . 


Nodaway. 


Bees 


Chickens . 


1 Nodaway. 
1 Mercer. 


Turkeys \ 


Ducks 1 


Stoddard. 



Pir cent 

All occupations _ 

AgrU-liltine 

Trattsf'ortctticn 
and trade _ _ 

Maniifactnyes ^ . 
Domestic and per- 
sonal service 

Professional 
service 



jVi 



imng _ 




Fig. 74. Proportion of persons 

engaged in each class of 

occupation in Missouri, 

census of igoo. 



The Manufacturing Cities of Missouri and Facts 
about their Industrial Plants. Census of 1900. 



St. Louis 

Kansas City. . . 

St. Joseph 

Springfield 

Jefteison City. . 
St. Charles . . . . 

Hannibal 

Joplin 

Sedalia 

Carthage 

Nevada 

Moberly 

Louisiana 

Independence , . 
Cape Girardeau 

Chillicothe 

Boonville 

Trenton 

Webb City 

Mexico 

Clinton 

Maryville 

Brookfield 

Carrollton 

Rich Hill 



NUMBER 
OF ESTAB- 
LISHMENTS 



NUMBER 
OF WAGE 
EARNERS 



6,732 

1.797 

440 

245 

99 

75 

172 

123 

131 

04 

81 

•S4 

75 

64 



97 
86 
42 
84 
62 
69 
64 
48 



82,672 

IS.3S1 

7.429 

2,1 27 

455 
1.275 
1,420 
951 
1.098 
523 
403 
766 
319 
220 
2S2 
2go 
203 
252 
164 
104 
172 
155 



WAGES PAID 



^38, 191, 076 

7.783,652 

3,109,647 

I 017.345 

169,124 

601 ,987 

61 1,859 

516,080 

463,787 

217,237 

190,232 

353.641 

90.531 

100,982 

105,000 

114.007 

89,426 

113. S08 

79.294 

68,230 

69,09«j 

66,789 

89,698 

41.445 

42.659 



VALUE 

OF 

PRODUCTS 



$233,629,733 

36,527.392 

31,690,736 

4,126,871 

3.361,998 

3.145,662 

3.025,340 

2,061,793 

1.500.326 

1,176,981 

1,046,616 

950,664 

908,088 

886,354 

612,259 

608,767 

473,455 

459.748 

425.763 

415.B94 

372,194 

333. S83 

329.889 

311. 36S 

255.132 




JO ^0 JO 60 



70 So "^^ "oo 



Fig. 75. Proportion of foreign born 

of each leading nationality in 

Missouri, census of igoo. 



The State and Territorial Governors of Missouri 
from 1805 to 1906. 

TERRITORIAL TERM 

Gen. James Wilkinson 1805-1806 

Capt. Meriwether Lewis 1807-1S09 

Gen. Beniamin Howard 1809-1S12 

Frederick Bates (appointed) 1812-1813 

William Clark 1813-1S20 



Alexander McNair 1820-1S24 

Frederick Bates 1824-1825 

Abraham J. Williams (President Senate) 1825- 

John Miller 1825-1832 

Daniel Dunkin 1832-1836 

Lilburn W. Boggs 1836-1840 

Thomas Reynolds 1840-1S44 

M. M. Marmaduke (Lieutenant-Governnr) 1844- 

lohn C. Edwaids 1844-184S 

Austin A. King 184S-1852 

Steriing Price 1852-1856 

Trusten Polk 1S56-1S57 

Hancock Jackson (Lieutenant-Governor) 1S57- 

Robert M Stewart 1S57-1S60 

Claiborne F. Jackson 1860-1861 

Hamilton R. Gamble (Provi.sional) 1S61-1S64 

Willaid P. Hall (Lieutenant-Governor) 1864- 

Thoni.-is C, Fletcher 1864-186S 

Joseph W. McClurg : 186S-1870 

B. Gratz Brown 1S70-1872 

Silas Woodson 1S72-1S74 

Charles H. Hardin 1874-1876 

Tohn S. Phelps 1876-1880 

Thomas T. Crittenden 1880-1884 

John S. Marmaduke 1SS4-1887 

Albert P. Moorehouse (Lieutenant-Governor) 1S87-1888 

David R Francis 188S-1892 

Wm. J. Stune 1892-1S96 

Lon V. Stephens 1896-1900 

Alex M. Dockerv 1900-1904 

Joseph W. Folk 1904- 



THE INDEX 

The figures iucloscd in parentheses refer to illustrations, all other figures refer to pages; heavier type is used for the more important reference 



Agriculture, ii, 12; (F-g. 74), xi. 

Altitude, V 

American School of Osteopathy, 

30. 
Angora goats, 14, prize (Fig. 33), 

17- 
Animal life, 8. 
Apple orchard (Fig. 22), 13. 
Apples, I i. 

Arkansas River, 4, 5, 9. 
Art, 24. 

Attorney-General, 21, 23. 
Aurora, 30; mining scene at (Fig. 

35). iS. 

Baird College, 31. 

Banks, ig. 

Barley, 1 :. 

Baryta, .',2. 

Bed rock, 5, 6; distribution of 

(FiK. S). (1. 
Benton, T. H. 10; portrait of (Pig. 

i(t) 10. 
Bevier, iS. 
Bingham. G. C, 24. 
Black River, ^2 
Blackberries, i j, 
Blees Military Academy, 32. 
Blind, School for, 22. 
Boone, Daniel, 10. 
Boonville, 22, 32. 
Boots, iS, It). 
Brick and tile, ig. 
Brookfield, 31. 
Broomcorn, 1 2. 

Cape Girardeau, 23^ 24, 31. 

Carondelet, q. 

Carriages and wagons, 19. 

Carrollton, ^2. 

Carterville, 32. 

Carthage, 2g. 

Cattle, 14. 

Cedar Gap Plateau, 3. 

Cement, 10, 20, 31. 

Central College, 24, 32. 

Chariton River, 4. 

Chickens, 1 5. 

Chillicothe, 22, 30. 

Chouteau, Auguste, 25. 27. 

Christian Brothers College, 24. 

Cities, Growth and development 

of 25-32. 
Clay, =;, 7, 8; working plant (Fig. 

Clemens, S. L. (Mark Twain), 24. 
2g; and his old home (Fig. 67) 
30; home of Huckleberry Finn 
(Fig. OS), 30. 

Climate, 8. 

Clinton, 31. 

Clothing, !o. 

Clover seed, i2. 

Coal, 15. 17, 18, 30, 31, 32; dis- 
tribution of (Fig. 37), iS- 

Columbia, 2 1, 30. 

Confederate Soldiers' Home, 2v 

Congressional districts (Fig. 48). 

Constable, 22. 

Copper, 17. 

Corn, 12; production of (Fig. 20), 

I 2. 
Courts, 22. 
Cuivre River, 4. 

Dairying, 15, 

Deaf and Dumb, School for, 2',. 
De Soto, 31, 
De Soto's expedition, g. 
Disseminated ore, 16. 
Doniphan, Alexander W., 11 ■ por- 
trait ^.f (Fig, 17). 10. 
Drainage, 4, 5. 
Drury College, 24. 29. 
Ducks, 15. 

Eads Bridge, 27. 

Education, 23. 

Educational institutions, leading 

(Fig. 51 ) 2 ; 

Edwards, Governor, n. 
Eldorado Springs, ^2. 
Excelsior Springs, ?2. 
Explorations and settlements (Fi'^ 

15). g. 



Fabius River, 4. 

Farm products, 12, value of (Fig. 
27). 15; scene (Fig. ig), 11. 

Farmington, 25. 

Fayette, 24. :i2. 

Federal Soldiers' Home, 23. 

Field, Eugene, 24. 

Fisheries, <>. 

Flax. 12 

Flint, 7 

Flouring and grist-mill products. 
I <t 

Forest Park, 27. 

Fortuna, 1 <>. 

Foundry and machine-shop pro- 
ducts, ig. 

Fox River, 4. 

Fruit, 13, 2Q .12; value of. i^. (Fig. 

2f>), -4. 

Fruit Experiment Station, 14. 
Fulton, 23. 24. 31. 

Gasconade River, 4. 

Geese, 1 5 . 

Glasgow. 32. 

Glass, ig. 

Governor, 20, 23. 

Grand River, 4. 

Granite area, 6; in the (Fig. 9), 7. 

Grapes, i i- 

Grass seed, 12. 

Hannibal, 29; view of (Fig. '66) 

Hardin College, ^^. 

Hay, 12; production of (Fig. 23). 

1 ^■ 
Higginsville, 23. 
History, 9, 10. 
Hogs, 14; distribution of (Fig. 28). 

15: in pasture (Fig. 31), 16. 
Honey, i 5 
Horses, 14; distribution of (Fiij. 

20), 16; scene at horse market 

(Fik'. ^o) 16. 
Horticulture, 12, 13. 
Huntsville. iS. 

Independence, 30. 

Indians, q. 

Insane, State Hospitals for, 2^, 

30. 31. 
Iron, 17. 32- 
Iron Mountain, 6, 17. 
Ironton, 6. 

Jefferson City, 10. 22, 21, 2->; 

StaU' Capitol (Fig. 65). 29. 
Joliet, Louis, g. 
Joplin, 29. 

Kansas City, 4, iS, 19, 2.^, 27, 28, 
30. Ele\'enlh Street (Fig. in). 
2S; map of (Fig. 62), 28; Per- 
gola on the Paseo (Fig. 63), 28 

Kansas River, 27. 

Kearney, General, 11. 

Kirksville, 2^. 30. 

Laclede, Pierre, 2^. 

La Salle, <> 

La Mine Moreau River, 4. 

Lead, 9, is, 16, 17, 29, 30, 32; 
distribution of (Fig. 37), 18. 

Lexington, iS, 32. 

Liberty, 24. 32. 

Lieutenant-G'Overnor, 20. 

Lime, 10. 

Lime works (Fig. 3S), ig. 

Limestone area, 6, 7, 30; view of 
(Fig. 10), 7. 

Lincoln Institute, 23. 

Literature, 24. 

Live stock, 14, 28, 29, 31. 32; farm 
(Fig. 32), 17. 

Location, i. 

Loess, 6, 1^. 

Louisiana, 31; view of (Fig, 70), 
\ I - 

Louisiana Purchase, to. 27. Expo- 
sition, 37. 

Lumber and timber, 19, 32. 

McNair, Alexander, 10. 
Macon, 32. 



Malt liquors, ig. 

Mantle rock, 5; distribution of 

(Fig, -;, 6. 
Manufacturing, 18, 19; growth oi 

(Fig. 42), 20; value of (Fig, 43). 

20 : \-ahie of special products 

(FiK 44). 20, 
Marquette, Pere, g. 
Marshall, 2 ^, 24, 31. 
Maryville. 23. 32. 
Meat-packing and slaughtering, 

M),2,S 20- 

Mendota, iS, 

Meramec River, s ; scene on (Fig. 

71 ). 12, 

Mexican War, 11. 

Mexico, u 

Mexico MiUtary Academy, 31. 

Mine m lead and zinc district 

(Fig. ^6). iS. 
Mine la Motte, o- 
Mineral resources, 15-18. 
Mining scene (Fig. 35), iS. 
Mississippi River, i, 3, 4, 5, 8, 0, 

10. n). 27, 29, 31 : steamboat on 

(Fig, 47). 21. 
Missouri Colony for Feeble Minded; 

Missouri Compromise Bill, 10. 
Missouri River, i, 3. 4, 5. S, g, 10. 

rg. 27, 2g, 30; revetment work 

in progress (Fig. 6>, 5. 
Missouri School for the Deaf, .u. 
Missouri Valley College, 24, 31. 
Moberly, 30. 
Mountain Grove, 13. 
Mules, 14; distribution of (Fig. 

2g). 16. 

Native peoples, 9. 

Nevada, 2 i, 30. 

Nodaway River, 4. 

Normal Schools, 23, 30, 31, 32: 

First district (Fig. 53), 24; 

Second district (Fig. 52), 24; 

Third district (Fig. 54), 24. 
Novinger, iS. 

Oats, 12; production of (Fig. 25), 

14. 
Osage River, 4. 
Ozark Border, 3, 4. 
Ozark Plateau, 3. 4, 13. 2g. 
Ozark region, 3, 7, 1 1, 15, 20 ; 

fr, rests of (Fig. 5). 5; granitL' 

area of (Fig. 9), 7', view in (Fig. 

2), I. 

Park College, 24. 

Parkville, 24. 

Peaches, 13; packing.'for market 
(Fig. 24), 13; peach nurserv 
(Fig. 72). 32. 

Pearl buttons, g, 31. 

Penal institutions, 22. 

Pertle Springs, 52. 

Physical map (Fig. 4), 4. 

Pilot Knob, (.. 17. 

Platte Purchase, 10. 

Platte River, 4 

Political map (Fig. 3), 2-3. 

Poplar Bluff, 32. 

Population, density of (Fig. 55). 
25; distribution of urban (Fig. 
56), 25: gain in, 25; proportion 
engaged in each class of occupa 
tions (Fig. 75),_xi; proportion 
of foreign born in each leading 
nationality (Fig. 73), xi. 

Potatoes, 12. 

Potosi, 12 

Poultry, 15; larni (Fig. 34), 17. 

Printing and publishing, ro. 

Pritchett Institute, ^2. 

Prosecuting-Attorney, 22. 

Railroad Cars, ig; ties, loading. 
for shipment (Fig. 3g), 19. 

Railroads, rg, 27, 28, 50. 

Rainfall, 8; annual, at Keokuk, 
la. (Fig. 13). 8: at Springfield, 
Mo. (Fig. 12), 8; mean annual, 
and temperature of Missouri 
(Fig. 14), g. 



Relief map of Missouri (Fig. i), i 

Religion, 24. 

Rich Hill, is. 32. 

Robidoux, Joseph, 29. 

Rocks, 5-8. 

Rolla, 23. 

Rye, 12. 

St. Charles, to, 30. 

St. Francis River, 5. g. 

St. Francois Mountains, ^ 4: view 

of (Fig, 2). I. 
St. Ildefonso, treaty of, 10. 
St. James, 23. 
St. Joseph, 19 23, 28, 29; map of 

(I'lg. 04). 29; view of stock 

yards at (Figs. 41. 4^), 20 21 
St. Louis, 4, 7, 9, lo, i8, lu. 22! 

■?4. 25, 27; botanical garden 

(Fig. 59). 27; business di-^trict 

(Fig. 60), 27; map of (Fig. ^7). 

26; water front (Fig. 5S), 2-. 
St. Louis University, 24.J 
St. Vincent's College, 24, 31. 
Ste. Genevieve, u. 
Salt River, 4. 
Sand-clay area, 6, 8; dredge at 

w^.rk (Fig. 40), ig; rock hills 

(Fig, 11), 8, 
Sandstone, ,. 7. 
School of Mines and Metallurgy, 

2;; view of (Fig. 4g) 22. 
Secretary of State, 21, 23. 
Sedalia, 29. 
Settlements, earliest explorations 

and (Fig, 15), 9. 
Shale area, (., 7, 

Shaw's Garden (Missouri Botan- 
ical Garden), 27; view in (Fig. 

.sg), 27. 
Sheep, 14. 
Sheriff, 2 1. 
Shoes, IN. TO. 
Simmons Mountains, 17. 
Size, I. 
Soils, II, 12; distribution of (Fig. 

Spring River, 5, 

Springfield, kj. 2^, 24. 29. 

State Agricultural College, 15. 

State Auditor, 20 

State Board of Education, 23. 

State Board of Equahzation, 20. 

State Charities, 22 

State Dairy Association, 15. 

State Fish Commission, 9. 

State government, 19-22. 

State Horticultural Society, m. 

State Industrial Home for Girls, 

22, 30. 
State Superintendent of Schools, 

21. 21, 
State Training School for Boys, ' 

State Treasurer, 20. 

State University, 23, 37; main 

bmlding of (F'g. 69). 31; view 

' >t ( Fig. %o), 22. 
Strawberries, 13. 
Sullivan, 1 7. 
Surface, i, 

Taum Sauk Mountain, 3. 
Temperature, 8; mean anniial, and 

rainfall (Fig. 14), g. 
Tobacco, 1 8, 10. 

Training School for Boys, 22, 32. 
Transportation, 19. 
Trenton, 31. 
Turkeys, 1 5. 

Warrensburg, 2^, 32. 
Washington University, 24, 27. 
Webb City. 30. 
West Plains, S2. 
Westminster College, 24. 
Wheat, 1 2 ; production of (Fig. 

White River, ^. 

William Jewell College, 24, 32. 

Zinc, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30, 32; dis- 
tribution of (Fig. 37), 18. 



SE? 24 1906 



aaeoBi^mmmmmm 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
Ilia llii III III I llll 



014 571 353 5' 




